Dataset Information

Smartphone-Enabled Quantification of Potassium in Blood Plasma.

ABSTRACT: This work describes a new method for determining K⁺ concentration, [K⁺], in blood plasma using a smartphone with a custom-built optical attachment. The method is based on turbidity measurement of blood plasma solutions in the presence of sodium tetraphenylborate, a known potassium precipitating reagent. The images obtained by a smartphone camera are analyzed by a custom image-processing algorithm which enables the transformation of the image data from RGB to HSV color space and calculation of a mean value of the light-intensity component (V). Analysis of images of blood plasma containing different amounts of K⁺ reveal a correlation between V and [K⁺]. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by comparing the results with the results obtained using commercial ion-selective electrode device (ISE) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The accuracy of the method was within ± 0.18 mM and precision ± 0.27 mM in the [K⁺] range of 1.5-7.5 mM when using treated blood plasma calibration. Spike tests on a fresh blood plasma show good correlation of the data obtained by the smartphone method with ISE and AAS. The advantage of the method is low cost and integration with a smartphone which offers possibility to measure [K⁺] on demand and in remote areas where access to hospitals is limited.

SUBMITTER: Hidayat AS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8309773 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Importance:Smart technology via smartphone-compatible devices might improve blood pressure (BP) regulation in patients after myocardial infarction. Objectives:To investigate whether smart technology in clinical practice can improve BP regulation and to evaluate the feasibility of such an intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants:This study was an investigator-initiated, single-center, nonblinded, feasibility, randomized clinical trial conducted at the Department of Cardiology of the Leiden University Medical Center between May 2016 and December 2018. Two hundred patients, who were admitted with either ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or non-ST-segment acute coronary syndrome, were randomized in a 1:1 fashion between follow-up groups using smart technology and regular care. Statistical analysis was performed from January 2019 to March 2019. Interventions:For patients randomized to regular care, 4 physical outpatient clinic visits were scheduled in the year following the initial event. In the intervention group, patients were given 4 smartphone-compatible devices (weight scale, BP monitor, rhythm monitor, and step counter). In addition, 2 in-person outpatient clinic visits were replaced by electronic visits. Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary outcome was BP control. Secondary outcomes, as a parameter of feasibility, included patient satisfaction (general questionnaire and smart technology-specific questionnaire), measurement adherence, all-cause mortality, and hospitalizations for nonfatal adverse cardiac events. Results:In total, 200 patients (median age, 59.7 years [interquartile range, 52.9-65.6 years]; 156 men [78%]) were included, of whom 100 were randomized to the intervention group and 100 to the control group. After 1 year, 79% of patients in the intervention group had controlled BP vs 76% of patients in the control group (P = .64). General satisfaction with care was the same between groups (mean [SD] scores, 82.6 [14.1] vs 82.0 [15.1]; P = .88). The all-cause mortality rate was 2% in both groups (P > .99). A total of 20 hospitalizations for nonfatal adverse cardiac events occurred (8 in the intervention group and 12 in the control group). Of all patients, 32% sent in measurements each week, with 63% sending data for more than 80% of the weeks they participated in the trial. In the intervention group only, 90.3% of patients were satisfied with the smart technology intervention. Conclusions and Relevance:These findings suggest that smart technology yields similar percentages of patients with regulated BP compared with the standard of care. Such an intervention is feasible in clinical practice and is accepted by patients. More research is mandatory to improve patient selection of such an intervention. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02976376.

Project description:Traditional otoscopy has some limitations, including poor visualization and inadequate time for evaluation in suboptimal environments. Smartphone-enabled otoscopy may improve examination quality and serve as a potential diagnostic tool for middle ear diseases using a telemedicine approach. The main objectives are to compare the correctness of smartphone-enabled otoscopy and traditional otoscopy and to evaluate the diagnostic confidence of the examiner via meta-analysis. From inception through 20 January 2022, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. Studies comparing smartphone-enabled otoscopy with traditional otoscopy regarding the outcome of interest were eligible. The relative risk (RR) for the rate of correctness in diagnosing ear conditions and the standardized mean difference (SMD) in diagnostic confidence were extracted. Sensitivity analysis and trial sequential analyses (TSAs) were conducted to further examine the pooled results. Study quality was evaluated by using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool 2. Consequently, a total of 1840 examinees were divided into the smartphone-enabled otoscopy group and the traditional otoscopy group. Overall, the pooled result showed that smartphone-enabled otoscopy was associated with higher correctness than traditional otoscopy (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.51; p = 0.01; I2 = 70.0%). Consistently significant associations were also observed in the analysis after excluding the simulation study (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.21; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%) and normal ear conditions (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.40; p = 0.04; I2 = 65.0%). For the confidence of examiners using both otoscopy methods, the pooled result was nonsignificant between the smartphone-enabled otoscopy and traditional otoscopy groups (SMD, 0.08; 95% CI, -0.24 to 0.40; p = 0.61; I2 = 16.3%). In conclusion, smartphone-enabled otoscopy was associated with a higher rate of correctness in the detection of middle ear diseases, and in patients with otologic complaints, the use of smartphone-enabled otoscopy may be considered. More large-scale studies should be performed to consolidate the results.

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Smartphone-Enabled Quantification of Potassium in Blood Plasma.

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