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Trend in mandatory immunisation coverage: linear and joinpoint regression approach, Serbia, 2000 to 2017.

ABSTRACT: BackgroundAnalyses of temporal trends in immunisation coverage may help to identify problems in immunisation activities at specific points in time. These data are essential for further planning, meeting recommended indicators, monitoring, management and advocacy.AimThis study examined the trends of mandatory vaccination coverage in the period 2000-2017 in Serbia.MethodsData on completed immunisations were retrieved from annual national reports of the Institute of Public Health of Serbia during the period 2000-2017. To assess the trends of immunisation coverage, both linear and joinpoint regression analyses were performed. A probability p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOver the period 2000-2017 linear regression analysis showed a significant decline in coverage with the primary vaccination against poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) (p ≤ 0.01). In the same period, coverage of all subsequent revaccinations significantly decreased, namely, first revaccination for pertussis (p < 0.01); first, second and third revaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis (p < 0.01); and second dose against MMR before enrolment in elementary school (p < 0.05). Although linear regression analysis did not show change in vaccination coverage trend against tuberculosis (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; BCG), hepatitis B (HepB3) in infants and diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib3), the joinpoint regression analysis showed that the coverage declined for BCG after 2006, HepB3 after 2010 and Hib3 after 2008.ConclusionTo achieve and keep optimum immunisation coverage, it is necessary to address barriers to immunisation, such as the availability of all vaccines and vaccine-hesitancy among parents and healthcare workers in Serbia.

SUBMITTER: Veljkovic M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8326657 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and its incidence is expected to increase in the future. In Panama, cancer is also one of the leading causes of death. In 1964, a nationwide cancer registry was started and it was restructured and improved in 2012. The aim of this study is to utilize Joinpoint regression analysis to study the trends of the incidence and mortality of cancer in Panama in the last decade. Cancer mortality was estimated from the Panamanian National Institute of Census and Statistics Registry for the period 2001 to 2011. Cancer incidence was estimated from the Panamanian National Cancer Registry for the period 2000 to 2009. The Joinpoint Regression Analysis program, version 4.0.4, was used to calculate trends by age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates for selected cancers. Overall, the trend of age-adjusted cancer mortality in Panama has declined over the last 10 years (-1.12% per year). The cancers for which there was a significant increase in the trend of mortality were female breast cancer and ovarian cancer; while the highest increases in incidence were shown for breast cancer, liver cancer, and prostate cancer. Significant decrease in the trend of mortality was evidenced for the following: prostate cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, and cervical cancer; with respect to incidence, only oral and pharynx cancer in both sexes had a significant decrease. Some cancers showed no significant trends in incidence or mortality. This study reveals contrasting trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Panama in the last decade. Although Panama is considered an upper middle income nation, this study demonstrates that some cancer mortality trends, like the ones seen in cervical and lung cancer, behave similarly to the ones seen in high income countries. In contrast, other types, like breast cancer, follow a pattern seen in countries undergoing a transition to a developed economy with its associated lifestyle, nutrition, and body weight changes.

Project description:BackgroundInjury is a social problem that causes health and property losses, and it is important to identify the size and trend of injury for efficient prevention and management. Therefore, this study analyzed the trends in injury mortality and hospitalization rates from 2005 to 2019 in Korea.MethodsUsing mortality data by Statistics Korea and Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth injury survey by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), age standardized rates were calculated for death and hospitalization to analyze trends and annual changes with the joinpoint regression model. In addition, annual changes in the hospitalization rate of the transport accident and fall injuries by age group were analyzed, which are the major causes of injuries.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2019, the injury mortality rate has been on the decline, but the injury hospitalization rate has been on the rise. The annual rate of change varied depending on the injury mechanism, but the mortality rate tended to decrease or remain similar level, while the rate of hospitalization has steadily increased. In addition, by age group, injury mortality and hospitalization rates were high in the elderly. In particular, the hospitalization rate of the elderly was higher when comparing the hospitalization rate of the children in transport accidents and falls. Pedestrian transport accidents tended to decrease under the age of 15, but remained similar for those aged 65 and older, and bicycle accidents tended to increase in both groups. In addition, hospitalization rates were higher in the fall, with both groups showing a statistically significant increase in hospitalization rates caused by falls.ConclusionThis study analyzed the trend of injury mortality and hospitalization and found that transport accidents and falls may vary depending on the means or age of the accident. Since injury is a big social problem that is a burden of disease, safety education and legal sanctions for injury prevention should be further improved in the future, especially by prioritizing vulnerable groups by age and detailed mechanisms of injury.

Project description:ObjectiveTo determine whether there were inequalities in the sustained rise in infant mortality in England in recent years and the contribution of rising child poverty to these trends.DesignThis is an analysis of trends in infant mortality in local authorities grouped into five categories (quintiles) based on their level of income deprivation. Fixed-effects regression models were used to quantify the association between regional changes in child poverty and regional changes in infant mortality.Setting324 English local authorities in 9 English government office regions.ParticipantsLive-born children under 1 year of age.Main outcome measureInfant mortality rate, defined as the number of deaths in children under 1 year of age per 100 000 live births in the same year.ResultsThe sustained and unprecedented rise in infant mortality in England from 2014 to 2017 was not experienced evenly across the population. In the most deprived local authorities, the previously declining trend in infant mortality reversed and mortality rose, leading to an additional 24 infant deaths per 100 000 live births per year (95% CI 6 to 42), relative to the previous trend. There was no significant change from the pre-existing trend in the most affluent local authorities. As a result, inequalities in infant mortality increased, with the gap between the most and the least deprived local authority areas widening by 52 deaths per 100 000 births (95% CI 36 to 68). Overall from 2014 to 2017, there were a total of 572 excess infant deaths (95% CI 200 to 944) compared with what would have been expected based on historical trends. We estimated that each 1% increase in child poverty was significantly associated with an extra 5.8 infant deaths per 100 000 live births (95% CI 2.4 to 9.2). The findings suggest that about a third of the increases in infant mortality between 2014 and 2017 can be attributed to rising child poverty (172 deaths, 95% CI 74 to 266).ConclusionThis study provides evidence that the unprecedented rise in infant mortality disproportionately affected the poorest areas of the country, leaving the more affluent areas unaffected. Our analysis also linked the recent increase in infant mortality in England with rising child poverty, suggesting that about a third of the increase in infant mortality from 2014 to 2017 may be attributed to rising child poverty.

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Trend in mandatory immunisation coverage: linear and joinpoint regression approach, Serbia, 2000 to 2017.

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