The relationship between the use of artificial sweeteners and cancer: A meta-analysis of case-control studies.
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SUBMITTER: Liu L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8358351 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis of all available case-control studies on the relationship between onchocerciasis and epilepsy. Because age and level of onchocerciasis endemicity in the area of residence are major determinants for infection, an additional analysis was performed, restricted to studies achieving control of these confounding factors.Data sourcesMedical databases, the "African Neurology Database, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges," reference lists of relevant articles, commercial search engines, up to May 2012.MethodsWe searched for studies examining infection status with Onchocerca volvulus in persons with epilepsy (PWE) and without epilepsy (PWOE) providing data suitable for the calculation of pooled odds ratios (ORp) and/or standardized mean differences (SMD) using random-effects models.ResultsEleven studies providing data of qualitative skin biopsies for diagnosis of onchocerciasis were identified. Combined analysis on the total sample of 876 PWE and 4712 PWOE resulted in an ORp of 2.49 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.61-3.86, p<0.001). When this analysis was restricted to those studies achieving control for age, residence and sex (367 PWE, 624 PWOE), an ORp of 1.29 (95% CI: 0.93-1.79; p = 0.139) was found. Presence of nodules for diagnosis of onchocerciasis was analyzed in four studies (225 PWE, 189 PWOE; ORp 1.74; 95%CI: 0.94-3.20; p<0.076), including two studies of the restricted analysis (106 PWE, 106 PWOE; ORp 2.81; 95%CI: 1.57-5.00; p<0.001). One study examined quantitative microfilariae counts in patients without preceding microfilaricidal treatment and demonstrated significantly higher counts in PWE than in PWOE.InterpretationOur results strengthen the hypothesis that, in onchocerciasis foci, epilepsy and infection with O. volvulus are associated. Analysis of indicators giving information on infection intensity, namely nodule palpation and quantitative microfilaria count in untreated patients, support the hypothesis that intensity of infection with O. volvulus is involved in the etiology of epilepsy.
| S-EPMC3610636 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe associations between Rad51 gene polymorphisms (G135C and G172T) and risk of cancer have been investigated, but the results were inconclusive. To get a comprehensive evaluation of the association above, we performed a meta-analysis of published studies.MethodsA computerized search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge databases for all relevant studies was performed and the data were analyzed in a meta-analysis. The overall odds ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to assess the strength of the association between Rad51 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Data were analyzed using fixed- or random-effects model when appropriate. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also estimated.ResultsOverall, a total of 54 case-control studies were included in the current meta-analysis, among which 42 studies with 19,142 cases and 20,363 controls for RAD51 G135C polymorphism and 12 studies with 6,646 cases and 6,783 controls for G172T polymorphism. For G135C polymorphism, the pooled results indicated that significantly increased risk was found in overall cancers (homozygote model: OR = 1.776, 95% CI = 1.288-2.449; allelic genetic model: OR = 1.169, 95% CI = 1.016-1.345; recessive model: OR = 1.946, 95% CI = 1.336-2.835), especially in breast cancer (homozygote model: OR = 1.498, 95% CI = 1.026-2.189; recessive model: OR = 1.732, 95% CI = 1.170-2.562). For G172T polymorphism, a decreased cancer risk was observed in head and neck cancer (homozygote model: OR = 0.621, 95% CI = 0.460-0.837; allelic genetic model: OR = 0.824, 95% CI = 0.716-0.948; recessive model: OR = 0.639, 95% CI = 0.488-0.837).ConclusionsOur results suggested that the Rad51 G135C polymorphism is a candidate for susceptibility to overall cancers, especially to breast cancer, and that the Rad51 G172T might play a protective role in the development of head and neck cancer.
| S-EPMC3903631 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As the host's first line of defense against pathogens, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as the TLR3, are genes encoding transmembrane receptors of the same name. Depending on their expression, TLRs cause a pro- or anti-inflammatory response. The purpose of the article was to determine whether there is an association between the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) rs3775291 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-SNP and susceptibility to infections. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO under the code CRD42023429533. A systematic search for relevant studies was performed using PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Science Direct by the MeSH descriptors and the Boolean Operator "AND": "Infections"; "TLR3"; "SNP", between January 2005 and July 2022. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for genotypic comparison assuming a dominant genetic model (CT + TT vs. CC). A meta-analysis of 18 studies consisting of 3118 cases and 4368 controls found a significant association for risk between the presence of the TLR3 SNP rs3775291 and infections as part of the general analysis (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04-1.28, p = 0.004). In the subgroups of continents, the SNP had a protective role in Europe for 1044 cases and 1471 controls (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70-0.99, p = 0.04); however, the Asian (for 1588 patients and 2306 controls) and American (for 486 patients and 591 controls) continents had an increase in infectious risk (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.19-1.58, p < 0.001; OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.08-1.86, and p = 0.01, respectively). Heterogeneity between studies was detected (I2 = 58%) but was explained in meta-regression by the subgroup of continents itself and publication bias was not evident. The results of the meta-analysis suggest a significant association between the TLR3 rs3775291 polymorphism and susceptibility to infections. Thus, when analyzing subgroups, the Asian and American continents showed that this SNP confers a higher risk against infections in a dominant genotypic model. Therefore, more studies are necessary to fully elucidate the role of TLR3 rs3775291 in infections.
| S-EPMC10379146 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNumerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between TGFBR1 polymorphisms and the risk of cancer, however, the results remain inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relation, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of all available case-control studies relating the TGFBR1*6A and IVS7+24G>A polymorphisms of the TGFBR1 gene to the risk of cancer.MethodsEligible studies were identified by search of electronic databases. Overall and subgroup analyses were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to assess the associations between TGFBR1*6A and IVS7+24G>A polymorphisms and cancer risk.ResultsA total of 35 studies were identified, 32 with 19,767 cases and 18,516 controls for TGFBR1*6A polymorphism and 12 with 4,195 cases and 4,383 controls for IVS7+24G>A polymorphism. For TGFBR1*6A, significantly elevated cancer risk was found in all genetic models (dominant OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04~1.18; recessive: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.11~1.66; additive: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05~1.20). In subgroup analysis based on cancer type, increased cancer risk was found in ovarian and breast cancer. For IVS7+24G>A, significant correlation with overall cancer risk (dominant: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.15~1.67; recessive: OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.26~3.92; additive: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.14~1.80) was found, especially in Asian population. In the subgroup analysis stratified by cancer type, significant association was found in breast and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur investigations demonstrate that TGFBR1*6A and IVS7+24G>A polymorphisms of TGFBR1 are associated with the susceptibility of cancer, and further functional research should be performed to explain the inconsistent results in different ethnicities and cancer types.
| S-EPMC3414489 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Accumulating evidences have suggested the potential association between Int7G24A (rs334354) polymorphism and cancer risk. However, results from epidemiological studies are controversial. We thus conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association. Relevant studies were identified on electronic databases according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 13 case-control studies containing 4092 cases and 5909 controls were included in our meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the association. The results of the overall population had suggested that Int7G24A polymorphism had an increased risk for cancer, reaching significant levels in the 2 genetic models (allele model, OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.42, P = 0.001; dominant model, OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.46, P < 0.008). Besides, significant association was found among Asian population (allele model, OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.11-1.45, P < 0.001; dominant model, OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.49, P < 0.001), whereas there was non-significant relationship detected among Caucasian population (allele model, OR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.92-1.26, P = 0.352; dominant model, OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.87-1.26, P = 0.639). The present meta-analysis had suggested that Int7G24A polymorphism of gene TGFBR1 involved in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway had a significantly increased risk for cancer development.
| S-EPMC4466893 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe previous published data on the association between the X-ray repair cross-conplementation group 1 (XRCC1) polymorphisms and thyroid cancer risk remained controversial. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis on all available studies that provided 1729 cases and 3774 controls (from 11 studies) for XRCC1 Arg399Gln, 1040 cases and 2487 controls for Arg194Trp (from 7 studies), and 1432 cases and 3356 controls for Arg280His (from 8 studies).Methodology/principal findingsPubMed, CNKI, and EMBASE database were searched to identify relevant studies. Overall, no significant association was found between XRCC1 Arg399Gln (recessive model: OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.77-1.15; dominant model: OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.75-1.05; homozygote model: OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.69-1.23; Heterozygote model: OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.80-1.03; additive model: OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.81-1.07), Arg194Trp (recessive model: OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.62-3.23; dominant model: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.77-1.34; homozygote model: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.55-3.67; Heterozygote model: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.85-1.26; additive model: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.81-1.42), and Arg280His (recessive model: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.56-2.10; dominant model: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.84-1.22; homozygote model: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.51-1.96; Heterozygote model: OR = 1.04, 95% CI =0.75-1.42; additive model: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.86-1.23) and thyroid cancer risk when all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. In the further stratified and sensitivity analyses, significant association was still not found in these three genetic polymorphisms.Conclusions/significanceIn summary, this meta-analysis indicates that XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg280His, and Arg194Trp are not associated with thyroid cancer.
| S-EPMC4161346 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Several studies have inspected the relationship between rs735482 polymorphism and the risk of some human cancers, but the findings remain controversial. We designed this meta-analysis to validate the association between rs735482 polymorphism and cancer risk. All articles were published before September 1, 2018 and searched in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WangFang, and Chinese BioMedical databases, STATA 12.0 software was used for statistical analysis, which provides reasonable data and technical support for this article. A total of 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 2652 cancer cases and 3536 rs735482 polymorphic controls. Data were directly extracted from these studies and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed to estimate the strength of the association. By pooling all eligible studies, the rs735482 polymorphism showed no significant association with susceptibility of several cancers in all the five genetic models (the allelic model: OR = 1.019, 95% CI: 0.916-1.134, P = .731). In addition, another adjusted OR data showed a significant increased risk between the rs735482 and susceptibility of several cancers (the codominant model BB vs AA: OR = 1.353, 95% CI: 1.033-1.774, P = .028) and the stratification analysis by ethnicity indicated the rs735482 is associated with an increased risk of cancer in Chinese group (BB vs AA, OR = 1.391, 95% CI = 1.054-1.837, P = .020; AB+BB vs AA OR = 1.253, 95% CI = 1.011-1.551, P = .039). However, the ERCC1 rs735482 is associated with a decreased risk of cancer in Italian group (AB vs AA, OR = 0.600, 95% CI = 0.402-0.859, P = .012; AB + BB vs AA, OR = 0.620, 95% CI = 0.424-0.908, P = .014). The results of this meta-analysis do not support the association between rs735482 polymorphism and cancer risk. But stratified analysis showed that rs735482 significantly increased the risk of cancer in Chinese while decreased the risk of cancer in Italian. Because of the limited number of samples, larger and well-designed researches are needed to estimate this association in detail.
| S-EPMC9333535 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThe link between lipid-stabilizing medications and epithelial ovarian carcinogenesis is incompletely understood. Statins may reduce ovarian cancer risk, but results are inconclusive.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting associations between statin use and ovarian cancer risk in PubMed. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses by cancer histotype, statin class (lipo- or hydrophilic) and duration of statin use were conducted. Use of individual statins in populations was assessed to determine population-specific differences in statin types.ResultsNine studies with 435,237 total women were included (1 randomized controlled trial (RCT); 4 prospective; 4 case-control). Statin use was associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.74-1.03) and risk was significantly reduced in populations with low pravastatin use (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.99). Risk estimates varied by statin class (3 studies; lipophilic: RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.69-1.12; hydrophilic: RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.72-1.57) and cancer histotype (3 studies; serous: RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.69-1.30; clear cell: RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.74-1.86). Long-term use was associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.54-1.10) that further reduced when pravastatin use was low (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46-1.01). Between-study heterogeneity was high overall and in subgroups (I2 > 60%).ConclusionStatins may be associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer, but the effect likely differs by individual statin, duration of use and cancer histotype. Additional well-powered studies are needed to elucidate important subgroup effects.
| S-EPMC7484024 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEpidemiological evidence suggests that use of aspirin after the diagnosis of colorectal cancer can lengthen survival. However, the supporting data vary between studies, and this hypothesis remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to provide a quantitative assessment of the association between use of aspirin after diagnosis of colorectal cancer and patient survival.MethodsWe searched the Medline and Embase databases up to April 2014 to identify studies related to aspirin use after diagnosis and all-cause mortality or colorectal cancer-specific mortality. Summary effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived using a fixed or random effects model, depending on the heterogeneity between the included studies.ResultsSeven epidemiologic studies that consisted of six cohort studies and one nested case-control study were included in this meta-analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) of the association between aspirin use after colorectal cancer diagnosis and overall mortality, which was reported in five studies, was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.62-0.89) using a random model (heterogeneity test P=0.003, I(2)=75.3%), and for colorectal cancer-specific mortality (four studies), it was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.51-1.10) using a random model (heterogeneity test P=0.001, I(2)=84.1%). In addition, we analysed postdiagnosis aspirin use according to whether aspirin was also used before diagnosis. The HR for the overall mortality of patients who did not use aspirin before diagnosis, which was reported in four studies, was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-1.00), and for colorectal cancer-specific mortality (three studies), it was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.61-1.02). For those who did use aspirin before diagnosis, the HR for overall mortality (four studies) was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83-0.93), and for colorectal cancer-specific mortality (three studies), it was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.59-1.09). Subgroup analysis showed that use of aspirin after diagnosis was associated with longer overall survival among patients with the variant PIK3CA gene but not for those with wild-type PIK3CA.ConclusionsBased on current evidence, the use of aspirin after diagnosis does not reduce colorectal cancer-specific mortality, but it does reduce all-cause mortality for colorectal cancer patients.
| S-EPMC4260025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many studies have reported the association of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, Arg280His, -77T>C, and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) T241M polymorphisms with lung cancer risk, but the results remained controversial. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between lung cancer risk and XRCC1 Arg399Gln (14,156 cases and 16,667 controls from 41 studies), Arg194Trp (7,426 cases and 9,603 controls from 23 studies), Arg280His (6,211 cases and 6,763 controls from 16 studies), -77T>C (2,487 cases and 2,576 controls from 5 studies), and XRCC3 T241M (8,560 cases and 11,557 controls from 19 studies) in different inheritance models. We found that -77T>C polymorphism was associated with increased lung cancer risk (dominant model: odds ration [OR]?=?1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?1.27-1.66, recessive model: OR?=?1.73, 95% CI?=?1.14-2.62, additive model: OR?=?1.91, 95% CI?=?1.24-1.94) when all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. In the stratified and sensitive analyses, significantly decreased lung cancer risk was observed in overall analysis (dominant model: OR?=?0.83, 95% CI?=?0.78-0.89; recessive model: OR?=?0.90, 95% CI?=?0.81-1.00; additive model: OR?=?0.82, 95% CI?=?0.74-0.92), Caucasians (dominant model: OR?=?0.82, 95% CI?=?0.76-0.87; recessive model: OR?=?0.89, 95% CI?=?0.80-0.99; additive model: OR?=?0.81, 95% CI?=?0.73-0.91), and hospital-based controls (dominant model: OR?=?0.81, 95% CI?=?0.76-0.88; recessive model: OR?=?0.89, 95% CI?=?0.79-1.00; additive model: OR?=?0.80, 95% CI?=?0.71-0.90) for XRCC3 T241M. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that XRCC1 -77T>C shows an increased lung cancer risk and XRCC3 T241M polymorphism is associated with decreased lung cancer risk, especially in Caucasians.
| S-EPMC3753326 | biostudies-literature