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Immunoglobulin subtype-coated bacteria are correlated with the disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease.

ABSTRACT: Immune response involving various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes and subtypes to microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis and disease activity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). To clarify the presence of Ig-coated bacteria in the intestine and its association with disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), we extracted and classified Ig-coated bacteria from fecal samples of 42 patients with IBD and 12 healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. The percentage of bacteria coated with IgA and IgM was higher in patients with IBD than in HCs, and IgG-coated bacteria were found only in patients with IBD. Moreover, the percentages of bacteria coated with IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgM in UC samples and IgG3, IgG4, and IgM in CD samples were correlated with disease activities. The proportions of Bacteroides ovatus and Streptococcus increased during the active phase of CD. Hence, the detailed analysis of Ig-coated bacteria and Ig subtypes using flow cytometry could aid in developing useful indicators of disease activity and identifying more disease-related bacteria, which could become novel treatment targets for IBDs.

SUBMITTER: Masu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8371132 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background and aimsInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are considered to be dysregulated, immune-mediated disorders; and immunosuppressive medications are the mainstay of their treatment. Clinically, we have often observed low serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of secondary humoral immunodeficiency in IBD patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of eligible IBD patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), indeterminate colitis (IC) or restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch, who having serum Ig measured. Demographic and clinical variables were measured. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 324 patients was included, with a mean age of 38.8 years and 158 (48.8%) being male. Low IgG, IgG1, IgA, and IgM were found in 22.7%, 23.4%, 7.9%, and 10.9% of patients, respectively. The shared risk factors for a low IgG or IgM level were increasing age [odds ratio (OR)?=?1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.23 for low IgG level and OR?=?1.33; 95% CI 1.15-1.56 for low IgM level] and hypoalbuminemia (OR?=?1.83; 95% CI 1.01-3.33 for low IgG level and OR?=?3.17; 95% CI 1.23-8.15 for low IgM level). In addition, thioprine use was associated with low IgA level (OR?=?2.76; 95% CI 1.03-7.39). IBD disease duration was a risk factor for low IgG1 level (OR?=?1.40; 95% CI 1.12-1.76). The presence of concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR?=?0.064; 95% CI 0.007-0.60) and the use of biologics (OR?=?0.16; 95% CI 0.033-0.79) were associated with normal IgG1 level. IgG level was lower in CD patients than that in UC/IC and ileal pouch patients (P?=?0.042). IgG and IgA levels were elevated in patients with inflammatory conditions of the pouch (P?=?0.01; P?=?0.003, respectively).ConclusionsLow Ig level appears to be common in IBD patients. Increasing age, disease duration and hypoalbuminemia appeared to be risk factors. The findings may provide rationale for targeted therapy to boost humoral immunity in selected patients with IBD.

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Immunoglobulin subtype-coated bacteria are correlated with the disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease.

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