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MAPbI₃ Microrods-Based Photo Resistor Switches: Fabrication and Electrical Characterization.

ABSTRACT: The current work proposed the application of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) perovskite microrods toward photo resistor switches. A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) configuration with a structure of silver-MAPbI₃(rods)-silver (Ag/MAPbI₃/Ag) based photo-resistor was fabricated. The MAPbI₃ microrods were prepared by adopting a facile low-temperature solution process, and then an independent MAPbI₃ microrod was employed to the two-terminal device. The morphological and elemental compositional studies of the fabricated MAPbI₃ microrods were performed using FESEM and EDS, respectively. The voltage-dependent electrical behavior and electronic conduction mechanisms of the fabricated photo-resistors were studied using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Different conduction mechanisms were observed at different voltage ranges in dark and under illumination. In dark conditions, the conduction behavior was dominated by typical trap-controlled charge transport mechanisms within the investigated voltage range. However, under illumination, the carrier transport is dominated by the current photogenerated mechanism. This study could extend the promising application of perovskite microrods in photo-induced resistor switches and beyond.

SUBMITTER: Raza E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8398296 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The photo-isomerizable local anaesthetic, quaternary ammonium-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium (QAQ), provides rapid, optical control over pain signalling without involving genetic modification. In darkness or in green light, trans-QAQ blocks voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channels and silences action potentials in pain-sensing neurons. Upon photo-isomerization to cis with near UV light, QAQ blockade is rapidly relieved, restoring neuronal activity. However, the molecular mechanism of cis and trans QAQ blockade is not known. Moreover, the absorption spectrum of QAQ requires UV light for photo-control, precluding use deep inside neural tissue. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:Electrophysiology and molecular modelling were used to characterize the binding of cis and trans QAQ to voltage-gated K+ channels and to develop quaternary ammonium-ethylamine-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium (QENAQ), a red-shifted QAQ derivative controlled with visible light. KEY RESULTS:trans QAQ was sixfold more potent than cis QAQ, in blocking current through Shaker K+ channels. Both isomers were use-dependent, open channel blockers, binding from the cytoplasmic side, but only trans QAQ block was slightly voltage dependent. QENAQ also blocked native K+ and Na+ channels preferentially in the trans state. QENAQ was photo-isomerized to cis with blue light and spontaneously reverted to trans within seconds in darkness, enabling rapid photo-control of action potentials in sensory neurons. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:Light-switchable local anaesthetics provide a means to non-invasively photo-control pain signalling with high selectivity and fast kinetics. Understanding the mode of action of QAQ and related compounds will help to design of drugs with improved photo-pharmacological properties. LINKED ARTICLES:This article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc.

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MAPbI₃ Microrods-Based Photo Resistor Switches: Fabrication and Electrical Characterization.

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MAPbI₃ Microrods-Based Photo Resistor Switches: Fabrication and Electrical Characterization.