Respiratory Colonization and Short-Term Temporal Changes in the Urinary Metabolome of Children.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ambroggio L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8400807 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND: Swimming in chlorinated pools involves exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) and has been associated with impaired respiratory health. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated short-term changes in several respiratory biomarkers to explore mechanisms of potential lung damage related to swimming pool exposure. METHODS: We measured lung function and biomarkers of airway inflammation [fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eight cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in exhaled breath condensate], oxidative stress (8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate), and lung permeability [surfactant protein D (SP-D) and the Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) in serum] in 48 healthy nonsmoking adults before and after they swam for 40 min in a chlorinated indoor swimming pool. We measured trihalomethanes in exhaled breath as a marker of individual exposure to DBPs. Energy expenditure during swimming, atopy, and CC16 genotype (rs3741240) were also determined. RESULTS: Median serum CC16 levels increased from 6.01 to 6.21 microg/L (average increase, 3.3%; paired Wilcoxon test p = 0.03), regardless of atopic status and CC16 genotype. This increase was explained both by energy expenditure and different markers of DBP exposure in multivariate models. FeNO was unchanged overall but tended to decrease among atopics. We found no significant changes in lung function, SP-D, 8-isoprostane, eight cytokines, or VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: We detected a slight increase in serum CC16, a marker of lung epithelium permeability, in healthy adults after they swam in an indoor chlorinated pool. Exercise and DBP exposure explained this association, without involving inflammatory mechanisms. Further research is needed to confirm the results, establish the clinical relevance of short-term serum CC16 changes, and evaluate the long-term health impacts.
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Project description:Background Atmospheric changes in pollen concentration may affect human health by triggering various allergic processes. We sought to assess if changes in pollen concentrations were associated with different acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subtype presentations and short-term clinical outcomes. Methods and Results We analyzed data in consecutive patients presenting with ACS (unstable angina, non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2014 and December 2017 and enrolled in the VCOR (Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry). Baseline characteristics were compared among patients exposed to different grass and total pollen concentrations. The primary outcome was occurrence of ACS subtypes and 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (composite of mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization, or stroke). Of 15 379 patients, 7122 (46.3%) presented with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, 6781 (44.1%) with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, and 1476 (9.6%) with unstable angina. The mean age was 62.5 years, with men comprising 76% of patients. No association was observed between daily or seasonal grass and total pollen concentrations with the frequency of ACS subtype presentation. However, grass and total pollen concentrations in the preceding days (2-day average for grass pollen and 7-day average for total pollen) correlated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.17 [95% CI, 1.12-4.21]; P=0.021 and OR, 2.78 [95% CI, 1.00-7.74]; P=0.05), respectively, with a trend of 2-day grass pollen for 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 0.97-2.32]; P=0.066). Conclusions Increased pollen concentrations were not associated with differential ACS subtype presentation but were significantly related to in-hospital mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention, underscoring a potential biologic link between pollen exposure and clinical outcomes.
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Project description:Can the urine proteome reflect short-term changes in the growth and development of animals? Do short-term developmental effects on urinary protein need to be considered when performing urine marker studies using model animals with faster growing periods? In this study, urine samples were collected from 10 Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks 3 and 6 days apart. The results showed that the urine proteome could sensitively reflect short-term growth and development in rats. For example, comparing the urine proteome of Day 0 and Day 6, 195 differential proteins were identified after screening (FC ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67, P < 0.05), and verified by randomization, the average number of randomly generated differential proteins was 17.99. At least 90.77% of the differential proteins were not randomly generated. This finding demonstrates that the differential proteins identified in the samples collected at different time points were not randomly generated. A large number of biological processes and pathways related to growth and development were enriched, which shows that the urine proteome reflects the short-term growth and development of rats, and provides a means for in-depth and meticulous study of growth and development. Moreover, an interfering factor in animal experiments using 6- to 8-week-old rats to construct models was identified. The results of this study demonstrated that there were differences in the urinary proteome in rats aged 6-8 weeks only 3-6 days apart, which suggests that the sensitivity of urinary proteomics is high and shows the sensitive and precise response of the urinary proteome to body changes.
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