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Pharmacological inhibition of cryptochrome and REV-ERB promotes DNA repair and cell cycle arrest in cisplatin-treated human cells.

ABSTRACT: Nucleotide excision repair (NER) and cell cycle checkpoints impact the ability of the anti-cancer drug cisplatin to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell death. Genetic studies have shown that both NER and cell cycle progression are impacted by the circadian clock, which has emerged as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of various disease states. In this study, cultured human cell lines were treated with combinations of cisplatin and the circadian clock modulating compounds KS15 and SR8278, which enhance circadian clock transcriptional output by inhibiting the activities of the cryptochrome and REV-ERB proteins, respectively. Treatment of cells with KS15 and SR8278 protected cells against the anti-proliferative effects of cisplatin and increased the expression of NER factor XPA and cell cycle regulators Wee1 and p21 at the mRNA and protein level. Correlated with these molecular changes, KS15 and SR8278 treatment resulted in fewer unrepaired cisplatin-DNA adducts in genomic DNA and a higher fraction of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the use of pharmacological agents targeting the circadian clock could be a novel approach to modulate the responses of normal and cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy regimens.

SUBMITTER: Anabtawi N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8429417 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pharmacological inhibition of REV-ERB stimulates differentiation, inhibits turnover and reduces fibrosis in dystrophic muscle.

Project description:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a debilitating X-linked disorder that is fatal. DMD patients lack the expression of the structural protein dystrophin caused by mutations within the DMD gene. The absence of functional dystrophin protein results in excessive damage from normal muscle use due to the compromised structural integrity of the dystrophin associated glycoprotein complex. As a result, DMD patients exhibit ongoing cycles of muscle destruction and regeneration that promote inflammation, fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, satellite cell (SC) exhaustion and loss of skeletal and cardiac muscle function. The nuclear receptor REV-ERB suppresses myoblast differentiation and recently we have demonstrated that the REV-ERB antagonist, SR8278, stimulates muscle regeneration after acute injury. Therefore, we decided to explore whether the REV-ERB antagonist SR8278 could slow the progression of muscular dystrophy. In mdx mice SR8278 increased lean mass and muscle function, and decreased muscle fibrosis and muscle protein degradation. Interestingly, we also found that SR8278 increased the SC pool through stimulation of Notch and Wnt signaling. These results suggest that REV-ERB is a potent target for the treatment of DMD.

| S-EPMC5719458 | biostudies-literature

Dual inhibition of REV-ERB? and autophagy as a novel pharmacological approach to induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells.

Project description:REV-ERB? and REV-ERB? nuclear receptors regulate several physiological processes, including circadian rhythm and metabolism. A previous study reported the REV-ERB? gene to be co-overexpressed with ERBB2 in breast cancer cell lines. Surprisingly, we found that several tumor types, including a number of breast cancer cell lines, predominantly express the REV-ERB? variant. This pattern was independent of ERBB2 and ER status, and opposite to that of non-cancer mammary epithelial HMEC cells, in which REV-ERB? was the major variant. Consistent with this molecular profile, REV-ERB target genes in both circadian and metabolic pathways were derepressed upon silencing of REV-ERB?, but not REV-ERB?. Strikingly, we found that REV-ERB? is a determinant of sensitivity to chloroquine, a clinically relevant lysosomotropic agent that suppresses autophagy. The cytoprotective function of REV-ERB? appears to operate downstream of autophagy blockade. Through compound screening, we identified ARN5187, a novel lysosomotropic REV-ERB? ligand with a dual inhibitory activity toward REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional regulation and autophagy. Remarkably, although ARN5187 and chloroquine share similar lysosomotropic potency and have a similar effect on autophagy inhibition, ARN5187 is significantly more cytotoxic. Collectively, our results reveal that dual inhibition of REV-ERB? and autophagy is an effective strategy for eliciting cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Furthermore, our discovery of a novel inhibitor compound of both REV-ERB and autophagy may provide a scaffold for the discovery of new multifunctional anticancer agents.

| S-EPMC4761647 | biostudies-literature

Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by REV-ERB-? and REV-ERB-?.

Project description:The circadian clock acts at the genomic level to coordinate internal behavioural and physiological rhythms via the CLOCK-BMAL1 transcriptional heterodimer. Although the nuclear receptors REV-ERB-? and REV-ERB-? have been proposed to form an accessory feedback loop that contributes to clock function, their precise roles and importance remain unresolved. To establish their regulatory potential, we determined the genome-wide cis-acting targets (cistromes) of both REV-ERB isoforms in murine liver, which revealed shared recognition at over 50% of their total DNA binding sites and extensive overlap with the master circadian regulator BMAL1. Although REV-ERB-? has been shown to regulate Bmal1 expression directly, our cistromic analysis reveals a more profound connection between BMAL1 and the REV-ERB-? and REV-ERB-? genomic regulatory circuits than was previously suspected. Genes within the intersection of the BMAL1, REV-ERB-? and REV-ERB-? cistromes are highly enriched for both clock and metabolic functions. As predicted by the cistromic analysis, dual depletion of Rev-erb-? and Rev-erb-? function by creating double-knockout mice profoundly disrupted circadian expression of core circadian clock and lipid homeostatic gene networks. As a result, double-knockout mice show markedly altered circadian wheel-running behaviour and deregulated lipid metabolism. These data now unite REV-ERB-? and REV-ERB-? with PER, CRY and other components of the principal feedback loop that drives circadian expression and indicate a more integral mechanism for the coordination of circadian rhythm and metabolism.

| S-EPMC3367514 | biostudies-literature

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Project description:REV-ERB? has emerged as an important target for regulation of circadian rhythm and its associated physiology. Herein, we report on the optimization of a series of REV-ERB? agonists based on GSK4112 (1) for potency, selectivity, and bioavailability. (1) Potent REV-ERB? agonists 4, 10, 16, and 23 are detailed for their ability to suppress BMAL and IL-6 expression from human cells while also demonstrating excellent selectivity over LXR?. Amine 4 demonstrated in vivo bioavailability after either iv or oral dosing.

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A functional Rev-erb alpha responsive element located in the human Rev-erb alpha promoter mediates a repressing activity.

Project description:Rev-erb alpha belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which contains receptors for steroids, thyroid hormones, retinoic acid, and vitamin D, as well as "orphan" receptors. No ligand has been found for Rev-erb alpha to date, making it one of these orphan receptors. Similar to some other orphan receptors, Rev-erb alpha has been shown to bind DNA as a monomer on a specific sequence called a Rev-erb alpah responsive element (RevRE), but its transcriptional activity remains unclear. In this paper, we characterize a functional RevRE located in the human Rev-erb alpha promoter itself. We also present evidence that (i) Rev-erb alpha mediates transcriptional repression of its own promoter in vitro, (ii) this repressing effect strictly depends on the binding of Rev-erb alpha to its responsive element and is transferable to a heterologous promoter; and (iii) Rev-erb alpha binds to this responsive sequence as a homodimer.

| S-EPMC39648 | biostudies-other

SR9009 induces a REV-ERB dependent anti-small-cell lung cancer effect through inhibition of autophagy.

Project description:Rationale: The circadian clock coordinates cell proliferation and metabolism and impacts the progression of some diseases, particularly cancer. Pharmacological modulation of the circadian machinery may be an effective therapeutic approach for treating cancer. SR9009 is a specific synthetic agonist of the REV-ERBs, essential circadian clock components. However, the potential efficacy and antitumor mechanism of this drug in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains poorly understood. Methods: Here, we used chemosensitive cells (H69 and H446) and the corresponding chemoresistant cells (H69AR and H446DDP) to assess the efficacy of the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 for the treatment of SCLC in vitro and further validated the antitumor effect in subcutaneous tumor models of SCLC. Then, we determined whether REV-ERBα was correlated with the anti-SCLC effect of SR9009. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing assays were conducted to identify potential DNA sequences directly regulated by REV-ERBα. Autophagy regulation by REV-ERBα and its possible mechanism in SR9009-based SCLC therapy were analyzed. Results: Here, we showed that the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 is specifically lethal to both chemosensitive and chemoresistant SCLC cells. REV-ERBα was involved in the antitumor effect of SR9009 in SCLC. The core autophagy gene Atg5 was identified as a direct downstream target of REV-ERBα and was suppressed by the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 in SCLC. Furthermore, the interaction of REV-ERBα with this autophagy gene impaired autophagy activity, leading to SR9009 cytotoxicity in SCLC cells. Principal conclusions: Our study provided a novel viewpoint indicating that the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 could be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy in first- or second-line SCLC treatment. The anti-SCLC effect of SR9009 is mediated by REV-ERB dependent suppression of autophagy via direct repression of the autophagy gene Atg5.

| S-EPMC7150483 | biostudies-literature

Rev-erb Agonist Inhibits Chikungunya and O'nyong'nyong Virus Replication.

Project description:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus spread by Aedes spp. mosquitos, causes severe inflammation and joint pain, progressing to a chronic arthralgic state in a subset of patients. Due to recent global epidemics of CHIKV and the potential for related viruses to cause outbreaks, multiple approaches to combat these pathogens are of interest. We report that SR9009, a synthetic agonist of nuclear receptors Rev-erb ?/?, inhibits replication of multiple alphaviruses (CHIKV and O'nyong'nyong virus) mainly by suppressing structural protein synthesis, although viral RNA accumulation is relatively unimpeded. Furthermore, SR9009 reduces the inflammatory response in cultured murine macrophages exposed to alphavirus-infected cells.

| S-EPMC6293476 | biostudies-literature

The nuclear receptor Rev-erb? controls circadian thermogenic plasticity.

Project description:Circadian oscillation of body temperature is a basic, evolutionarily conserved feature of mammalian biology. In addition, homeostatic pathways allow organisms to protect their core temperatures in response to cold exposure. However, the mechanism responsible for coordinating daily body temperature rhythm and adaptability to environmental challenges is unknown. Here we show that the nuclear receptor Rev-erb? (also known as Nr1d1), a powerful transcriptional repressor, links circadian and thermogenic networks through the regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function. Mice exposed to cold fare considerably better at 05:00 (Zeitgeber time?22) when Rev-erb? is barely expressed than at 17:00 (Zeitgeber time?10) when Rev-erb? is abundant. Deletion of Rev-erb? markedly improves cold tolerance at 17:00, indicating that overcoming Rev-erb?-dependent repression is a fundamental feature of the thermogenic response to cold. Physiological induction of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) by cold temperatures is preceded by rapid downregulation of Rev-erb? in BAT. Rev-erb? represses Ucp1 in a brown-adipose-cell-autonomous manner and BAT Ucp1 levels are high in Rev-erb?-null mice, even at thermoneutrality. Genetic loss of Rev-erb? also abolishes normal rhythms of body temperature and BAT activity. Thus, Rev-erb? acts as a thermogenic focal point required for establishing and maintaining body temperature rhythm in a manner that is adaptable to environmental demands.

| S-EPMC3839416 | biostudies-literature

Targeting REV-ERB? for therapeutic purposes: promises and challenges.

Project description:REV-ERB? (NR1D1) is a circadian clock component that functions as a transcriptional repressor. Due to its role in direct modulation of metabolic genes, REV-ERB? is regarded as an integrator of cell metabolism with circadian clock. Accordingly, REV-ERB? is first proposed as a drug target for treating sleep disorders and metabolic syndromes (e.g., dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and obesity). Recent years of studies uncover a rather broad role of REV-ERB? in pathological conditions including local inflammatory diseases, heart failure and cancers. Moreover, REV-ERB? is involved in regulation of circadian drug metabolism that has implications in chronopharmacology. In the meantime, recent years have witnessed discovery of an array of new REV-ERB? ligands most of which have pharmacological activities in vivo. In this article, we review the regulatory role of REV-ERB? in various types of diseases and discuss the underlying mechanisms. We also describe the newly discovered ligands and the old ones together with their targeting potential. Despite well-established pharmacological effects of REV-ERB? ligands in animals (preclinical studies), no progress has been made regarding their translation to clinical trials. This implies certain challenges associated with drug development of REV-ERB? ligands. In particular, we discuss the potential challenges related to drug safety (or adverse effects) and bioavailability. For new drug development, it is advocated that REV-ERB? should be targeted to treat local diseases and a targeting drug should be locally distributed, avoiding the adverse effects on other tissues.

| S-EPMC7086371 | biostudies-literature

Circadian Amplitude Regulation via FBXW7-Targeted REV-ERB? Degradation.

Project description:Defects in circadian rhythm influence physiology and behavior with implications for the treatment of sleep disorders, metabolic disease, and cancer. Although core regulatory components of clock rhythmicity have been defined, insight into the mechanisms underpinning amplitude is limited. Here, we show that REV-ERB?, a core inhibitory component of clock transcription, is targeted for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the F-box protein FBXW7. By relieving REV-ERB?-dependent repression, FBXW7 provides an unrecognized mechanism for enhancing the amplitude of clock gene transcription. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)-mediated phosphorylation of REV-ERB? is necessary for FBXW7 recognition. Moreover, targeted hepatic disruption of FBXW7 alters circadian expression of core clock genes and perturbs whole-body lipid and glucose levels. This CDK1-FBXW7 pathway controlling REV-ERB? repression defines an unexpected molecular mechanism for re-engaging the positive transcriptional arm of the clock, as well as a potential route to manipulate clock amplitude via small molecule CDK1 inhibition.

| S-EPMC4912445 | biostudies-literature

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