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Differential Transcriptomic Regulation in Sweet Orange Fruit (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Following Dehydration and Rehydration Conditions Leading to Peel Damage.

ABSTRACT: Water stress is the most important environmental agent that contributes to the crop productivity and quality losses globally. In citrus, water stress is the main driver of the fruit peel disorders that impact the quality and market ability. An increasingly present post-harvest peel disorder is non-chilling peel pitting (NCPP). Non-chilling peel pitting is manifested as collapsed areas of flavedo randomly scattered on the fruit and its incidence increases due to abrupt increases in the environmental relative humidity (RH) during post-harvest fruit manipulation. In this study, we have used a custom-made cDNA microarray containing 44k unigenes from Citrus sinensis (L. Osbeck), covering for the first time the whole genome from this species, to study transcriptomic responses of mature citrus fruit to water stress. In the study, the global gene expression profiles of flavedo from Navelate oranges subjected to severe water stress are compared with those fruits subjected to rehydration stress provoked by changes in the RH during post-harvest, which enhances the development of NCPP. The study results show that NCPP is a complex physiological process that shares molecular responses with those from prolonged dehydration in fruit, but the damage associated with NCPP may be explained by unique features of rehydration stress at the molecular level, such as membrane disorganization, cell wall modification, and proteolysis.

SUBMITTER: Romero P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8438417 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Unravelling molecular responses to moderate dehydration in harvested fruit of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) using a fruit-specific ABA-deficient mutant.

Project description:Water stress affects many agronomic traits that may be regulated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Within these traits, loss of fruit quality becomes important in many citrus cultivars that develop peel damage in response to dehydration. To study peel dehydration transcriptional responsiveness in harvested citrus fruit and the putative role of ABA in this process, this study performed a comparative large-scale transcriptional analysis of water-stressed fruits of the wild-type Navelate orange (Citrus sinesis L. Osbeck) and its spontaneous ABA-deficient mutant Pinalate, which is more prone to dehydration and to developing peel damage. Major changes in gene expression occurring in the wild-type line were impaired in the mutant fruit. Gene ontology analysis revealed the ability of Navelate fruits to induce the response to water deprivation and di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport biological processes, as well as repression of the carbohydrate biosynthesis process in the mutant. Exogenous ABA triggered relevant transcriptional changes and repressed the protein ubiquitination process, although it could not fully rescue the physiological behaviour of the mutant. Overall, the results indicated that dehydration responsiveness requires ABA-dependent and -independent signals, and highlight that the ability of citrus fruits to trigger molecular responses against dehydration is an important factor in reducing their susceptibility to developing peel damage.

| S-EPMC3346234 | biostudies-literature

A genomic approach to bud mutation in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) fruit

Project description:Bud mutations arise often in citrus. The selection of mutants is one of the most important breeding methods in citrus. However, the molecular bases of bud mutation have rarely been studied. To identify the potential important or novel genes involved in bud mutation, different transcriptomic techniques combing suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and microarray were performed between a lycopene accumulated mutant, ‘Hong Anliu’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), and its wild-type during fruit maturation. Microarray analysis revealed that differentially expressed clones are extensively coordinated with the initiation of lycopene accumulation. After sequencing of the differentially expressed clones, a total of 267 non-redundant transcripts were obtained, 182 (68.2%) of which share homology (E-value ≤ 1×10-10) with known gene products or known protein domains. A list of candidate genes which involved in cellular metabolic process, primary metabolic process, localization, macromolecular metabolic process was obtained. Out of these genes, 12 share homology with previously described signal transduction or transcription factors, suggesting complex regulatory control. These results demonstrate profound effect on gene expression of bud mutation in citrus fruits and provide new insights into the molecular basis of bud mutation. Keywords: bud mutation, candidate genes, Citrus, cNDA microarray, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH)

2009-03-10 | GSE10729 | GEO

Transcriptome analysis of a spontaneous mutant in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] during fruit development.

Project description:Bud mutations often arise in citrus. The selection of mutants is one of the most important breeding channels in citrus. However, the molecular basis of bud mutation has rarely been studied. To identify differentially expressed genes in a spontaneous sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] bud mutation which causes lycopene accumulation, low citric acid, and high sucrose in fruit, suppression subtractive hybridization and microarray analysis were performed to decipher this bud mutation during fruit development. After sequencing of the differentially expressed clones, a total of 267 non-redundant transcripts were obtained and 182 (68.2%) of them shared homology (E-value < or = 1x10(-10)) with known gene products. Few genes were constitutively up- or down-regulated (fold change > or = 2) in the bud mutation during fruit development. Self-organizing tree algorithm analysis results showed that 95.1% of the differentially expressed genes were extensively coordinated with the initiation of lycopene accumulation. Metabolic process, cellular process, establishment of localization, response to stimulus, and biological regulation-related transcripts were among the most regulated genes. These genes were involved in many biological processes such as organic acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, transport, and pyruvate metabolism, etc. Moreover, 13 genes which were differentially regulated at 170 d after flowering shared homology with previously described signal transduction or transcription factors. The information generated in this study provides new clues to aid in the understanding of bud mutation in citrus.

| S-EPMC2652045 | biostudies-literature

A genomic approach to bud mutation in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) fruit

Project description:Bud mutations arise often in citrus. The selection of mutants is one of the most important breeding methods in citrus. However, the molecular bases of bud mutation have rarely been studied. To identify the potential important or novel genes involved in bud mutation, different transcriptomic techniques combing suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and microarray were performed between a lycopene accumulated mutant, âHong Anliuâ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), and its wild-type during fruit maturation. Microarray analysis revealed that differentially expressed clones are extensively coordinated with the initiation of lycopene accumulation. After sequencing of the differentially expressed clones, a total of 267 non-redundant transcripts were obtained, 182 (68.2%) of which share homology (E-value â¤ 1Ã10-10) with known gene products or known protein domains. A list of candidate genes which involved in cellular metabolic process, primary metabolic process, localization, macromolecular metabolic process was obtained. Out of these genes, 12 share homology with previously described signal transduction or transcription factors, suggesting complex regulatory control. These results demonstrate profound effect on gene expression of bud mutation in citrus fruits and provide new insights into the molecular basis of bud mutation. Keywords: bud mutation, candidate genes, Citrus, cNDA microarray, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) Fruits from the mutant and its wild type were collected at five time points from August to December. Total RNA extracted from the mutant was hybridized to the array together with RNA from the wild type. Each hybridization was performed in duplicate by dye swap.

2009-03-09 | E-GEOD-10729 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression patterns of flowering genes in leaves of 'Pineapple' sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck).

Project description:BackgroundIn citrus the transition from juvenility to mature phase is marked by the capability of a tree to flower and fruit consistently. The long period of juvenility in citrus severely impedes the use of genetic based strategies to improve fruit quality, disease resistance, and responses to abiotic environmental factors. One of the genes whose expression signals flower development in many plant species is FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT).ResultsIn this study, gene expression levels of flowering genes CiFT1, CiFT2 and CiFT3 were determined using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR in citrus trees over a 1 year period in Florida. Distinct genotypes of citrus trees of different ages were used. In mature trees of pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) and 'Pineapple' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) the expression of all three CiFT genes was coordinated and significantly higher in April, after flowering was over, regardless of whether they were in the greenhouse or in the field. Interestingly, immature 'Pineapple' seedlings showed significantly high levels of CiFT3 expression in April and June, while CiFT1 and CiFT2 were highest in June, and hence their expression induction was not simultaneous as in mature plants.ConclusionsIn mature citrus trees the induction of CiFTs expression in leaves occurs at the end of spring and after flowering has taken place suggesting it is not associated with dormancy interruption and further flower bud development but is probably involved with shoot apex differentiation and flower bud determination. CiFTs were also seasonally induced in immature seedlings, indicating that additional factors must be suppressing flowering induction and their expression has other functions.

| S-EPMC5577756 | biostudies-literature

Transcriptome dynamics during fruit development of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)

Project description:• To dissect how the genes are dynamically and differentially expressed during fruit development in sweet orange, a comprehensive transcriptomic study was performed in a pleiotropic mutant (MT) and its wild type (WT). • The detection of the fruit transcriptomic changes was conducted at five stages of fruit development by deep sequencing; the obtained millions of reliable tags were mapped on orange unigenes and subjected to cluster analysis and functional categorization. Sugar and organic acid contents were determined based on the prediction of differential biological processes. • The global clustering analysis revealed a total of 14 expression patterns for the genes involved in fruit development of sweet orange. More than 94% of the genes showed differential expression during fruit development. Comparative transcripts profiling between WT and MT revealed that between 410 and 634 genes were significantly differentially expressed at the five stages. Functional categorization indicated that TCA cycle, carotenoid biosynthesis, and pentose phosphate pathway (OPP) were among the most regulated pathways. • This study provided a dynamic-view of the transcriptome changes during fruit ripening in sweet orange; the results highlighted a set of molecular processes involved in the formation of the mutation trait in the orange fruits.

2012-06-22 | GSE22505 | GEO

A proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts isolated from sweet orange fruits [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck].

Project description:Here, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts purified from sweet orange using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation is reported. A GeLC-MS/MS shotgun approach was used to identify the proteins of pooled chromoplast samples. A total of 493 proteins were identified from purified chromoplasts, of which 418 are putative plastid proteins based on in silico sequence homology and functional analyses. Based on the predicted functions of these identified plastid proteins, a large proportion (∼60%) of the chromoplast proteome of sweet orange is constituted by proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid/protein synthesis, and secondary metabolism. Of note, HDS (hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase), PAP (plastid-lipid-associated protein), and psHSPs (plastid small heat shock proteins) involved in the synthesis or storage of carotenoid and stress response are among the most abundant proteins identified. A comparison of chromoplast proteomes between sweet orange and tomato suggested a high level of conservation in a broad range of metabolic pathways. However, the citrus chromoplast was characterized by more extensive carotenoid synthesis, extensive amino acid synthesis without nitrogen assimilation, and evidence for lipid metabolism concerning jasmonic acid synthesis. In conclusion, this study provides an insight into the major metabolic pathways as well as some unique characteristics of the sweet orange chromoplasts at the whole proteome level.

| S-EPMC3223033 | biostudies-literature

Transcriptome dynamics during fruit development of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)

2012-06-22 | E-GEOD-22505 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome changes during fruit development and ripening of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).

Project description:BACKGROUND: The transcriptome of the fruit pulp of the sweet orange variety Anliu (WT) and that of its red fleshed mutant Hong Anliu (MT) were compared to understand the dynamics and differential expression of genes expressed during fruit development and ripening. RESULTS: The transcriptomes of WT and MT were sampled at four developmental stages using an Illumina sequencing platform. A total of 19,440 and 18,829 genes were detected in MT and WT, respectively. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed 24 expression patterns for the set of all genes detected, of which 20 were in common between MT and WT. Over 89% of the genes showed differential expression during fruit development and ripening in the WT. Functional categorization of the differentially expressed genes revealed that cell wall biosynthesis, carbohydrate and citric acid metabolism, carotenoid metabolism, and the response to stress were the most differentially regulated processes occurring during fruit development and ripening. CONCLUSION: A description of the transcriptomic changes occurring during fruit development and ripening was obtained in sweet orange, along with a dynamic view of the gene expression differences between the wild type and a red fleshed mutant.

| S-EPMC3267696 | biostudies-literature

Expression data from citrus fruit (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)

Project description:An antifungal aroma substance, 2-phenylethanol (PEA), was isolated from antagonistic yeast strain Kloeckera apiculata extract. Microarry were used to analyse its role citrus. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression underlying Citrus were treated with 1.0x108 cells/ml K. apiculata (KA), PEA (0.15%), the extract (1000xdilute) and control (CK) for 24 h,

2014-01-01 | GSE45680 | GEO

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