Dataset Information

Manual zur Indikation und Durchfuhrung spezieller echokardiographischer Anwendungen Manual on indications and performance of specific echocardiographic applications

ABSTRACT: Das zweite Manual zur Indikation und Durchführung der Echokardiographie bezieht sich auf spezifische Anwendungen der Echokardiographie und besondere Fragestellungen bei speziellen Patientengruppen. Dabei stehen v. a. praktische Aspekte im Vordergrund. Methodisch etabliert sind die transösophageale Echokardiographie, die Stressechokardiographie und die Kontrastechokardiographie. Bei nahezu allen echokardiographischen Untersuchungen spielen aktuell 3‑D-Echokardiographie und Deformationsbildgebung eine Rolle. Das gesamte Spektrum der echokardiographischen Möglichkeiten wird derzeit in Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, bei der Überwachung und Führung von Katheterinterventionen, bei strukturellen Herzerkrankungen, bei herzchirurgischen Operationen, bei der Nachsorge von kardialen Unterstützungssystemen, bei kongenitalen Vitien im Erwachsenenalter und bei der Versorgung von hochinfektiösen Patienten in Pandemiezeiten angewandt. Die diagnostischen Fortschritte der konventionellen und modernen echokardiographischen Anwendungen stehen im Fokus dieses Manuals. Die 3‑D-Echokardiographie zur Charakterisierung der kardialen Morphologie und die Deformationsbildgebung zur Objektivierung der kardialen Funktion sind bei vielen Indikationen im klinischen Alltag etabliert. Die Stressechokardiographie zur Ischämie‑, Vitalitäts- und Vitiendiagnostik, die Bestimmung der koronaren Flussreserve und die Kontrastechokardiographie bei der linksventrikulären Wandbewegungsanalyse und kardialen Tumordetektion finden zunehmend klinische Anwendung. Wie für die konventionelle Echokardiographie im ersten Manual der Echokardiographie 2009 beschrieben, erfordert der Einsatz moderner echokardiographischer Verfahren die standardisierte Dokumentation und Akquisition bestimmter Bildsequenzen bei optimierter Geräteeinstellung, da korrekte und reproduzierbare Auswertungen nur bei guter Bildqualität möglich sind.

Zusatzmaterial online

Die Online-Version dieses Beitrags (10.1007/s12181-021-00509-1) enthält ein Abkürzungs‑, Tabellen‑, Abbildungsverzeichnis.

SUBMITTER: Hagendorff A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8521495 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the absence of in-person teaching was partially compensated for through videoconferencing. However, lecturers complain that students do not participate actively in video-based online seminars. One reason cited for this is Zoom fatigue. Conferences in virtual reality (VR), accessible with and without head-mounted display, represent one potential remedy to this issue. The research to date does not shed any light on the (1.) teaching experience, (2.) student demand, (3.) learning experience (including participation and social presence), and (4.) learning performance (declarative and spatial) associated with VR conferences. The present work will compare these aspects for videoconferencing, independent study, and – in the case of teaching experience – with in-person teaching. Methods: A compulsory seminar in General Physiology was offered during the 2020/21 winter semester and the 2021 summer semester as part of the Human Medicine program at the Faculty of Medicine at Ulm University. The seminars were offered in three different formats with identical content: (a) VR conference, (b) video conference, and (c) independent study, with students selecting the format of their choice. In the VR conferences, the lecturer taught using a head-mounted display while students participated via PC, laptop, or tablet. The learning experience and learning performance were assessed using questionnaires and a knowledge test. A semi-structured interview was conducted to assess the VR teaching experience. Results: The lecturer's teaching experience in the VR conferences was similar to in-person teaching. Students predominantly chose independent study and videoconferencing. The latter resulted in worse outcomes with regard to learning experience (including participation and social presence) and spatial learning performance than the VR conferences. Declarative learning performance differed only slightly between teaching formats. Conclusions: VR conferencing offers lecturers new didactic opportunities and a teaching experience similar to that of in-person teaching. Students prefer time-efficient videoconferencing and independent study, but rate participation and social presence, among other things, higher in VR conferencing. If faculty and students are open to the technology, VR conferencing can promote interactive exchange in online seminars. This subjective assessment is not associated with better declarative learning performance.

Project description:BACKGROUND: The zinc uptake regulator Zur is a Zn2+-sensing metalloregulatory protein involved in the maintenance of bacterial zinc homeostasis. Up to now, regulation of zinc homeostasis by Zur is poorly understood in Y. pestis. RESULTS: We constructed a zur null mutant of Y. pestis biovar microtus strain 201. Microarray expression analysis disclosed a set of 154 Zur-dependent genes of Y. pestis upon exposure to zinc rich condition. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was subsequently used to validate the microarray data. Based on the 154 Zur-dependent genes, predicted regulatory Zur motifs were used to screen for potential direct Zur targets including three putative operons znuA, znuCB and ykgM-RpmJ2. The LacZ reporter fusion analysis verified that Zur greatly repressed the promoter activity of the above three operons. The subsequent electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated that a purified Zur protein was able to bind to the promoter regions of the above three operons. The DNase I footprinting was used to identify the Zur binding sites for the above three operons, verifying the Zur box sequence as predicted previously in gamma-Proteobacteria. The primer extension assay was further used to determine the transcription start sites for the above three operons and to localize the -10 and -35 elements. Zur binding sites overlapped the -10 sequence of its target promoters, which was consistent with the previous observation that Zur binding would block the entry of the RNA polymerase to repress the transcription of its target genes. CONCLUSION: Zur as a repressor directly controls the transcription of znuA, znuCB and ykgM-RpmJ2 in Y. pestis by employing a conserved mechanism of Zur-promoter DNA association as observed in gamma-Proteobacteria. Zur contributes to zinc homeostasis in Y. pestis likely through transcriptional repression of the high-affinity zinc uptake system ZnuACB and two alternative ribosomal proteins YkgM and RpmJ2.

Project description:Background: In recent years, resistance to antibiotics has become a global threat, and alternatives to antibiotics have become an area of research. The main alternative methods are briefly described in this review. However, the main focus is bacteriophage-related therapy. Bacteriophages are viruses which, due to the production of the enzyme endolysin, are able to kill bacterial host cells. Bacteriophage therapies have a long tradition. Their potential to function as antibiotics lies in their bactericidal activity and specificity in killing bacteria without infecting or affecting eukaryotic cells. Objective: To systematically review the outcomes of bacteriophage therapy in patients with bacterial infections. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CENTRAL databases were searched electronically using search terms referring to bacteriophages, endolysins and antimicrobial resistance. After the literature was screened for their titles and abstracts, full-text reviews considering inclusion/exclusion criteria were performed. Data concerning patients with bacterial infections, treatment with either bacteriophages or its enzyme endolysin and their outcomes were extracted and analysed. Results: Thirteen publications were identified that met all inclusion criteria. Data extraction shows that bacteriophages or endolysins have the potential to combat bacterial infections and significantly reduce inflammatory mediators. However, 3 out of 4 randomized controlled trials revealed that there was no significant difference between phage/endolysin treated patients and control group. Significant clinical improvements were seen in cohort and case studies. A few minor side effects were reported. Conclusions: Although there are countries in which bacteriophages are prescribed as an alternative to established antibiotics, this valuable experience has yet to be examined sufficiently in clinical trials conducted to modern standards. Despite improvements in symptoms shown in the reviewed clinical trials, the infection and the bacteria themselves were rarely completely eradicated. Therefore, no definite answer can be given as to effectiveness, and further clinical trials are necessary.

Dataset Information

Manual zur Indikation und Durchfuhrung spezieller echokardiographischer Anwendungen Manual on indications and performance of specific echocardiographic applications

Zusatzmaterial online

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets