Chronic Ethanol Consumption Induces Osteopenia via Activation of Osteoblast Necroptosis
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Guo M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8566044 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency affects 35% to 45% of East Asians and 8% of the world population. ALDH2 is the second enzyme in the ethanol metabolism pathway. The common genetic variant ALDH2*2 allele has a glutamic acid-to-lysine substitution at position 487 (E487K) that reduces the enzyme activity, resulting in an accumulation of acetaldehyde after ethanol consumption. The ALDH2*2 allele is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and hip fracture. Our prior study showed that administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype rh.10 gene transfer vector expressing the human ALDH2 cDNA (AAVrh.10hALDH2) before initiation of ethanol consumption prevented bone loss in ALDH2-deficient homozygous knockin mice carrying the E487K mutation (Aldh2 E487K+/+). We hypothesized that AAVrh.10hALDH2 administration after establishment of osteopenia would be able to reverse bone loss due to ALDH2 deficiency and chronic ethanol consumption. To test this hypothesis, male and female Aldh2 E487K+/+ mice (n = 6) were given ethanol in the drinking water for 6 weeks to establish osteopenia and then administered AAVrh.10hALDH2 (1011 genome copies). Mice were evaluated for an additional 12 weeks. AAVrh.10hALDH2 administration after osteopenia was established corrected weight loss and locomotion phenotypes and, importantly, increased midshaft femur cortical bone thickness, the most important component of bone in the resistance to fractures, and showed a trend toward increased trabecular bone volume. AAVrh.10hALDH2 is a promising therapeutic for osteoporosis in ALDH2-deficient individuals. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
| S-EPMC10097638 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In this study, we present the novel findings that chronic ethanol consumption induces mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation in the kidney and correlates with significantly increased renal oxidative stress. A major proteomic footprint of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an increase in hepatic mitochondrial protein acetylation. Protein hyperacetylation has been shown to alter enzymatic function of numerous proteins and plays a role in regulating metabolic processes. Renal mitochondrial targets of hyperacetylation include numerous metabolic and antioxidant pathways, such as lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and amino acid metabolism, as well as glutathione and thioredoxin pathways. Disruption of protein lysine acetylation has the potential to impair renal function through metabolic dysregulation and decreased antioxidant capacity. Due to a significant elevation in ethanol-mediated renal oxidative stress, we highlight the acetylation of superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxins, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase enzymes. Since oxidative stress is a known factor in ethanol-induced nephrotoxicity, we examined biochemical markers of protein hyperacetylation and oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate increased protein acetylation concurrent with depleted glutathione, altered Cys redox potential, and the presence of 4-HNE protein modifications in our 6-week model of early-stage alcoholic nephrotoxicity. These findings support the hypothesis that ethanol metabolism causes an influx of mitochondrial metabolic substrate, resulting in mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation with the potential to impact mitochondrial metabolic and antioxidant processes.
| S-EPMC4511634 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: Traditional whole-tissue sequencing approaches do not fully capture brain cell-type specific effects of chronic alcohol. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the specific transcriptome alterations in astrocytes due to chronic alcohol. Methods: We performed RNA-sequencing on astrocytes isolated from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of C57BL/6J mice following chronic every-other-day alcohol consumption. Results: Differential expression analysis revealed alcohol-induced gene expression changes unique to astrocytes that could not be identified using whole tissue homogenate analysis. Enrichment analysis revealed involvement of calcium-related signaling and regulation of extracellular matrix genes in the astrocyte response to alcohol abuse. Conclusion: Our study presents the first focused analysis on the astrocyte transcriptome following chronic alcohol consumption, provides a framework for studying the functional response of astrocytes to alcohol and the possible astrocyte-specific effects of alcohol. In addition, our data represents a novel resource for groups interested in biological functions of astrocytes in the adult mouse PFC.
2018-01-10 | GSE92457 | GEO
Project description:Male Wistar rats weighing 90-120 g were acclimatized for one week and fed standard laboratory chow, at which time the animals were divided into two groups. Animals were then pair-fed for 8 weeks a regular laboratory chow and water “ad libitum” or Lieber-DeCarli diet (36% calories from ethanol). Control animals received the iso-caloric amount of dextrose to replace ethanol. After 8 weeks of differential feeding rats were euthanized, the pancreas immediately dissected and stored at -80?C until RNA isolation. RNA expression was analyzed using Affymetrix RAE230A gene chips Keywords: stress response, disease state analysis
2006-07-01 | GSE3311 | GEO
Project description:Heavy alcohol consumption has detrimental neurologic effects, inducing widespread neuronal loss in both fetuses and adults. One proposed mechanism of ethanol-induced cell loss with sufficient exposure is an elevation in concentrations of bioactive lipids that mediate apoptosis, including the membrane sphingolipid metabolites ceramide and sphingosine. While these naturally-occurring lipids serve as important modulators of normal neuronal development, elevated levels resulting from various extracellular insults have been implicated in pathological apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes in several neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Prior work has shown that acute administration of ethanol to developing mice increases levels of ceramide in multiple brain regions, hypothesized to be a mediator of fetal alcohol-induced neuronal loss. Elevated ceramide levels have also been implicated in ethanol-mediated neurodegeneration in adult animals and humans. Here, we determined the effect of chronic voluntary ethanol consumption on lipid profiles in brain and peripheral tissues from adult alcohol-preferring (P) rats to further examine alterations in lipid composition as a potential contributor to ethanol-induced cellular damage. P rats were exposed for 13 weeks to a 20% ethanol intermittent-access drinking paradigm (45 ethanol sessions total) or were given access only to water (control). Following the final session, tissues were collected for subsequent chromatographic analysis of lipid content and enzymatic gene expression. Contrary to expectations, ethanol-exposed rats displayed substantial reductions in concentrations of ceramides in forebrain and heart relative to non-exposed controls, and modest but significant decreases in liver cholesterol. qRT-PCR analysis showed a reduction in the expression of sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase (Degs2), an enzyme involved in de novo ceramide synthesis. These findings indicate that ethanol intake levels achieved by alcohol-preferring P rats as a result of chronic voluntary exposure may have favorable vs. detrimental effects on lipid profiles in this genetic line, consistent with data supporting beneficial cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of moderate ethanol consumption.
| S-EPMC4583526 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Congenital osteopenia is a bone demineralization condition that is associated with elevated fracture risk in human infants. Here we show that Runx3, like Runx2, is expressed in precommitted embryonic osteoblasts and that Runx3-deficient mice develop severe congenital osteopenia. Runx3-deficient osteoblast-specific (Runx3(fl/fl)/Col1?1-cre), but not chondrocyte-specific (Runx3(fl/fl)/Col1?2-cre), mice are osteopenic. This demonstrates that an osteoblastic cell-autonomous function of Runx3 is required for proper osteogenesis. Bone histomorphometry revealed that decreased osteoblast numbers and reduced mineral deposition capacity in Runx3-deficient mice cause this bone formation deficiency. Neonatal bone and cultured primary osteoblast analyses revealed a Runx3-deficiency-associated decrease in the number of active osteoblasts resulting from diminished proliferation and not from enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. These findings are supported by Runx3-null culture transcriptome analyses showing significant decreases in the levels of osteoblastic markers and increases in the levels of Notch signaling components. Thus, while Runx2 is mandatory for the osteoblastic lineage commitment, Runx3 is nonredundantly required for the proliferation of these precommitted cells, to generate adequate numbers of active osteoblasts. Human RUNX3 resides on chromosome 1p36, a region that is associated with osteoporosis. Therefore, RUNX3 might also be involved in human bone mineralization.
| S-EPMC4355527 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chronic ethanol consumption is associated with not only the alteration of metabolic profiles in biofluids but also the composition of the gut microbiome. Our understanding of the importance of the intestinal microbiota as well as the disturbances elicited by ethanol intervention is limited by the fact that previous analyses have primarily focused on biofluids and liver tissue metabolome; the metabolic profiles of the gastrointestinal (GI) contents are rarely investigated. In this study, we applied a metabonomics approach using a high performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to characterize the metabolic alterations of the contents within the GI tract (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum) in male Sprague-Dawley rats following 8 weeks of ethanol exposure. We obtained a snapshot of the distinct changes of the intestinal content metabolite composition in rats with ethanol exposure, which indicated a profound impact of ethanol consumption on the intestinal metabolome. Many metabolic pathways that are critical for host physiology were affected, including markedly altered bile acids, increased fatty acids and steroids, decreased carnitines and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism, a significant decrease of all amino acids and branched chain amino acids, and significantly decreased short chain fatty acids except for acetic acid, which rapidly elevated as a product of ethanol metabolism. These results provide an improved understanding of the systemic alteration of intestinal content metabolites in mammals and the interplay between the host and its complex resident microbiota and may aid in the design of new therapeutic strategies that target these interactions.
| S-EPMC5672944 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Astrocytes play critical roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including drug dependence. Little is known about the effects of chronic ethanol consumption on astrocyte gene expression. To address this gap in knowledge, we performed transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing of astrocytes isolated from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice following chronic ethanol consumption. Differential expression analysis revealed ethanol-induced changes unique to astrocytes that were not identified in total homogenate preparations. Astrocyte-specific gene expression revealed calcium-related signaling and regulation of extracellular matrix genes as responses to chronic ethanol use. These findings emphasize the importance of investigating expression changes in specific cellular populations to define molecular consequences of chronic ethanol consumption in mammalian brain.
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Project description:Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often use alcohol to cope with their distress. This aberrant use of alcohol often develops into alcohol use disorder (AUD) leading to high rates of PTSD-AUD co-occurrence. Individuals with comorbid PTSD-AUD have more intense alcohol cravings and increased relapse rates during withdrawal than those with AUD alone. Also, individuals with PTSD or AUD alone often show similar psychological behaviors, such as impulsivity and anhedonia. Extensive clinical studies on the behavioral effects of PTSD-AUD comorbidity, namely alcohol use, have been performed. However, these effects have not been well studied or mechanistically explored in animal models. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of traumatic stress comorbid with alcohol exposures on ethanol intake, impulsivity, and anhedonia in mice. Adult male C57Bl/6 mice were first exposed to either mouse single-prolonged stress (mSPS), an animal model that has been validated for characteristics akin to PTSD symptoms, or control conditions. Baseline two-bottle choice ethanol consumption and preference tests were conducted after a 7-day isolation period, as part of the mSPS exposure. Next, mice were exposed to air or chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE), a vapor-induced ethanol dependence and withdrawal model, for 4 weeks. Two-bottle choice ethanol drinking was used to measure dependence-induced ethanol consumption and preference during periods intervening CIE cycles. The novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) test was used to evaluate impulsivity and anhedonia behaviors 48 h after mSPS and/or repeated CIE exposure. Results showed that, compared to control conditions, mSPS did not affect baseline ethanol consumption and preference. However, mSPS-CIE mice increased Post-CIE ethanol consumption compared to Control-Air mice. Mice exposed to mSPS had a shorter latency to feed during the NSF, whereas CIE-exposed mice consumed less palatable food reward in their home cage after the NSF. These results demonstrate that mice exposed to both mSPS and CIE are more vulnerable to ethanol withdrawal effects, and those exposed to mSPS have increased impulsivity, while CIE exposure increases anhedonia. Future studies to examine the relationship between behavioral outcomes and the molecular mechanisms in the brain after PTSD-AUD are warranted.
| S-EPMC7338656 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Escalation of voluntary alcohol drinking is characteristic of alcohol addiction and can be induced in rodents using intermittent access to alcohol. This model has been used to evaluate candidate therapeutics, but key systems involved in the transition into alcohol addiction, such as CRF, differ in their organization between rodents and primates. We examined the ability of an intermittent access schedule to induce escalation of voluntary alcohol drinking in non-human primates and used this model to assess the role of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF) signaling in this process. Four young adult male rhesus macaques were given access to an 8.4% alcohol solution every other weekday (EOD; M, W, F), while four other young adult males were given the same solution every weekday (ED; M-F). Subjects were then administered a CRF1 antagonist, antalarmin. EOD increased alcohol intake by up to 50% over baseline, with a more pronounced increase immediately following reintroduction of alcohol. For the morning/daytime sessions, EOD subjects increased their consumption by 83% over baseline. Differences between ED and EOD schedules emerged quickly, and EOD-induced escalation resulted in pharmacologically active BAC's. EOD-induced alcohol consumption was insensitive to CRFR1 blockade by antalarmin, but subjects with high CSF levels of CRF were more responsive. Similar to what has been observed in rodents, intermittent access results in an escalation of voluntary alcohol drinking in non-human primates. In contrast to findings in rats, recruitment of the CRF system does not seem to be involved in the escalated alcohol drinking observed under these conditions, though individual differences in CRF system activity may play a role.
| S-EPMC5658047 | biostudies-literature