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Data on effect of variety, seedling transplanting age and nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth performance of rice in Southern Guinea Savannah, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: The age of rice seedling at transplanting and application of nitrogen fertilizer are important husbandry practices for improved rice growth. The data showed the effect of variety, seedling transplanting age and nitrogen fertilizer rates on the growth of rice. Agronomic field trial was conducted during 2015 and 2016 planting seasons at National Cereals Research Institute Farms of Edozhigi and Badeggi located in the Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. To assessed the effect of variety, seedling transplanting age and nitrogen fertilizer rates on the growth of rice. Treatments were laid out as split-split plot arrangement fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The main plot consisted of two rice varieties (FARO 44 and FARO 52), four seedling transplanting ages (7, 14, 21 and 28 days after planting) and five inorganic N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N/ha) constituted the sub-plot and sub-sub plot respectively. Growth data viz plant height, number of tillers and leaf area index were measured at 30 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT) during the two planting seasons. Plant height was taken from five randomly selected and tagged plants from ground surface to the tip of the leaf or panicle of the main stem using measuring tape. The number of tillers per plant was counted from five randomly selected and tagged hills in each plot from two middle rows. .The leaf area (cm²) of the leaves was obtained from five randomly selected tagged plants by measuring the leaf length from the base to the tip with a ruler also the widest part of the leaf. The leaf area (LA) was estimated using the equation: LA = length × breath × 0.75 [1]. The leaf area value obtained was used to calculate the leaf area index (LAI), which describes the efficiency of the photosynthetic process on the photosynthetic surface and calculated as the total leaf area/ground area. Data collected were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GenSTAT 11^th edition and the difference between treatments mean tested using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. The data are of value to agronomists in search of reference. It has the potential to be used to predict seedling age of rice at transplanting and the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer rate for rice growth.

SUBMITTER: Nda S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8608593 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundDue to the diversity of rice varieties and cropping systems in China, the limitation of seeding density and seedling quality makes it hard to improve machine-transplanted efficiency. Previous studies have shown that indica and japonica varieties varied in machine transplanting efficiency and optimal seeding density. In this study, a RIL population derived from '9311' and 'Nipponbare' were performed to explore the seedling traits variations and the genetic mechanism under three seeding densities.ResultsThe parents and RIL population exhibited similar trends as the seeding density increased, including seedling height and first leaf sheath length increases, shoot dry weight and root dry weight decreases. Among the 37 QTLs for six traits detected under the three seeding densities, 12 QTLs were detected in both three seeding densities. Five QTL hotspots identified clustered within genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6 and 11. Specific QTLs such as qRDW1.1 and qFLSL5.1 were detected under low and high seeding densities, respectively. Detailed analysis the QTL regions identified under specific seeding densities revealed several candidate genes involved in phytohormones signals and abiotic stress responses. Whole-genome additive effects showed that '9311' contributed more loci enhancing trait performances than 'Nipponbare', indicating '9311' was more sensitive to the seeding density than 'Nipponbare'. The prevalence of negative epistasis effects indicated that the complementary two-locus homozygotes may not have marginal advantages over the means of the two parental genotypes.ConclusionsOur results revealed the differences between indica rice and japonica rice seedling traits in response to seeding density. Several QTL hotspots involved in different traits and specific QTLs (such as qRDW1.1 and qFLSL5.1) in diverse seeding densities had been detected. Genome-wide additive and two-locus epistasis suggested a dynamic of the genetic control underlying different seeding densities. It was concluded that novel QTLs, additive and epistasis effects under specific seeding density would provide adequate information for rice seedling improvement during machine transplanting.

Project description:The warming of world climate systems is driving interest in the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the agricultural sector, practices that mitigate GHG emissions include those that (1) reduce emissions [e.g., those that reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by avoiding excess nitrogen (N) fertilizer application], and (2) increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (e.g., by retaining instead of burning crop residues). Sugarcane is a globally important crop that can have substantial inputs of N fertilizer and which produces large amounts of crop residues ('trash'). Management of N fertilizer and trash affects soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, and hence GHG emissions. Trash has historically been burned at harvest, but increasingly is being retained on the soil surface as a 'trash blanket' in many countries. The potential for trash retention to alter N fertilizer requirements and sequester SOC was investigated in this study. The APSIM model was calibrated with data from field and laboratory studies of trash decomposition in the wet tropics of northern Australia. APSIM was then validated against four independent data sets, before simulating location × soil × fertilizer × trash management scenarios. Soil carbon increased in trash blanketed soils relative to SOC in soils with burnt trash. However, further increases in SOC for the study region may be limited because the SOC in trash blanketed soils could be approaching equilibrium; future GHG mitigation efforts in this region should therefore focus on N fertilizer management. Simulated N fertilizer rates were able to be reduced from conventional rates regardless of trash management, because of low yield potential in the wet tropics. For crops subjected to continuous trash blanketing, there was substantial immobilization of N in decomposing trash so conventional N fertilizer rates were required for up to 24 years after trash blanketing commenced. After this period, there was potential to reduce N fertilizer rates for crops when trash was retained (?20 kg N ha(-1) per plant or ratoon crop) while maintaining ?95% of maximum yields. While these savings in N fertilizer use were modest at the field scale, they were potentially important when aggregated at the regional level.

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Data on effect of variety, seedling transplanting age and nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth performance of rice in Southern Guinea Savannah, Nigeria.

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