Percutaneous cryoneurolysis of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve for analgesia following skin grafting: a randomized, controlled pilot study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Finneran Iv JJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8639942 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:IntroductionTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is frequently associated with severe, prolonged postsurgical pain, and therefore local anesthetic-based peripheral nerve blocks are commonly used for postoperative analgesia. Cryoneurolysis involves the use of freezing temperatures to provide a reversible sensory (and motor) block with a duration measured in weeks and months, more commensurate with the typical period of post-TKA pain. We therefore conducted a randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the use of this modality for the treatment of pain following TKA to (1) determine the feasibility of and optimize the study protocol for a subsequent definitive clinical trial; and (2) estimate analgesia and opioid reduction within the first 3 postoperative weeks.MethodsA convenience sample of 16 patients undergoing primary TKA with a single-injection and/or continuous adductor canal nerve block were randomized to receive either active cryoneurolysis or a sham procedure targeting the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, in a participant-masked fashion. This was a pilot study with a relatively small number of participants, and therefore resulting data were not analyzed statistically.ResultsCompared with participants receiving sham, the active treatment group reported slightly lower average and worst pain scores as well as opioid consumption and sleep disturbances due to pain at a majority of postoperative time points between postoperative days (POD) 4-21.ConclusionsPreoperative ultrasound-guided cryoneurolysis of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve is feasible and may provide analgesic benefits for multiple weeks following TKA. A definitive randomized controlled trial appears warranted.
| S-EPMC9633886 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Difficulty and sometimes inability to find the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) intraoperatively is well known. Variabilities in the course of the nerve are well documented in the literature. In a previous paper, we defined a tight fascial canal that completely surrounds the LFCN in the proximal thigh. These 2 factors sometimes render finding the nerve intraoperatively, to treat meralgia paresthetica, very challenging. OBJECTIVE:To explore the use of preoperative ultrasound to minimize operative time and eliminate situations in which the nerve is not found. METHODS:Since 2011, we have used preoperative ultrasound-guided wire localization (USWL) in 19 cases to facilitate finding the nerve intraoperatively. Data were collected prospectively with recording of the timing from skin incision to identifying the LFCN; this will be referred to as the skin-to-nerve time. RESULTS:In 2 cases, the localization was incorrect. In the 17 cases in which the LFCN was correctly localized, the skin-to-nerve time ranged from 3 min to 19 min. The mean was 8.5 min, and the median was 8 min. CONCLUSION:Preoperative USWL is a useful technique that minimizes the time needed to find the LFCN. For the less experienced surgeon, it is extremely valuable. For the experienced surgeon, it can identify anatomical abnormalities such as duplicate nerves, which may not be readily recognizable without ultrasound. Collaboration between the surgeon and the radiologist is very important, especially in the early cases.
| S-EPMC6312085 | biostudies-other
Project description:Introduction. Intertrochanteric fracture (IF) is a common injury among the elderly. Due to significant comorbidities, anesthesia for IF repair may be challenging. The authors propose femoral nerve block together with a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block and sedation as an anesthetic technique for most severe cases of IF with contraindications to spinal anesthesia. Methods. In total, 61 patients were enrolled prospectively in a study, 19 received general anesthesia (GA group), 22 spinal anesthesia (SA group), and 20 nerve blocks with sedation (PNB group). Results. Groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, independence, and several comorbidities: diabetes, obesity, underweight, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular incidents in the past, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and frailty. Heart failure (p = 0.033), hemoglobin < 10 g/dL (p = 0.001) and eGFR < 30 mL/min (p = 0.039) were more frequent in PNB group. PNB group had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) (p < 0.001), Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) (p < 0.001), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (p = 0.002) scales scores, and lower probability of 10-year survival according to CCI (p = 0.012). GA group had more frequent active malignancy (p = 0.041). GA and PNB groups had a higher frequency of hemostasis disorder (p < 0.001). Surgery was completed under the scheduled anesthesia technique. Survival, frequency of cardio and cerebrovascular incidents after surgery, loss of independence, and postoperative delirium were comparable between groups, as well as the length of postoperative stay. Conclusions. Surgical repair of intertrochanteric fracture with intramedullary nailing system among elderly, frail, and sick patients can be conducted under peripheral nerve block. FNB and LFCNB in the combination is a viable option for IT fracture repair.
| S-EPMC9267460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionSpasticity of the knee extensors is a common presentation among patients with multiple sclerosis. The resulting stiff leg gait can result in increased risk of falls, heightened energy expenditure during gait, lowered gait speed, and compensatory gait mechanisms that increase wear on the hips. Cryoneurolysis is a novel percutaneous, minimally invasive treatment for focal spasticity.MethodsA single patient with multiple sclerosis was treated with cryoneurolysis of the femoral nerve branch to rectus femoris. The patient was followed for 15 months. Spasticity severity, gait speed, and patient reported outcomes were collected at each follow-up.ResultsSpasticity severity as per the Modified Ashworth Scale was reduced at 1 month, with change persisting up to 15 months post-procedure. Range of motion as per the Modified Tardieu Scale showed gradual improvement over the 15-month period. Gait speed increased after the procedure from 21.15 seconds to 12.49 seconds for the 10 m walk test 1 month post-procedure, then slowed to baseline after 15 months. The patient's confidence in their gait improved and their independence was maintained throughout the follow-up period. Because of the regression in the 10 m walk test, the patient elected to have the procedure repeated after 15 months. Immediately after the procedure, the 10 m test time improved to 16.20 seconds.ConclusionCryoneurolysis of the femoral nerve may be an effective, long-lasting treatment for spasticity causing stiff knee gait in patients with multiple sclerosis.
| S-EPMC10928293 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeSeveral variations in the anatomy and injury of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) have been studied since 1885. The aim of our study was to analyze the available data on the LFCN and find a true prevalence to help in the planning and execution of surgical procedures in the area of the pelvis, namely inguinal hernia repair.MethodsA search of the major medical databases was performed for LFCN anatomy. The anatomical data were collected and analyzed.ResultsTwenty-four studies (n = 1,720) were included. The most common pattern of the LFCN exiting the pelvis was medial to the Sartorius as a single branch. When it exited in this pattern, it did so on average 1.90 cm medial to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).ConclusionsThe LFCN and its variations are important to consider especially during inguinal hernia repair, abdominoplasty, and iliac bone grafting. We suggest maintaining a distance of 3 cm or more from the ASIS when operating to prevent injury to the LFCN.
| S-EPMC5023748 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNerve block of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is a predominantly sensory block. It reduces pain following total hip arthroplasty (THA), but the non-responder rate is high. We hypothesized, that an increased volume of ropivacaine, would result in greater coverage of incisions used for THA.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, blinded trial in 20 healthy volunteers. Participants were randomized to receive bilateral LFCN-blocks with 8 mL ropivacaine 0.75% on the left side and 16 mL ropivacaine 0.75% on the right side, or vice versa. Allocation was blinded to both participants and outcome assessors. Before nerve block performance, incision lines for posterior and lateral THA approaches were depicted with invisible ultraviolet-paint, thereby securing sufficient blinding during outcome assessment. The blocked area was mapped using temperature and mechanical discrimination tests. Quadriceps muscle strength was monitored. Primary outcome was coverage of the posterior incision line assessed by temperature discrimination test.ResultsWe found no difference in coverage of the posterior or lateral incision lines when comparing LFCN-blocks with 8 mL versus 16 mL of ropivacaine. The blocked area was significantly larger in the 16 mL group, assessed by both temperature discrimination test (p = 0.012) and mechanical discrimination test (p = 0.034). We observed no difference between groups regarding quadriceps muscle strength (p = 1.0).ConclusionsA LFCN-block with increased volume of ropivacaine from 8 mL to 16 mL did not result in a greater coverage of posterior or lateral incision lines used for THA, but in a larger blocked sensory area.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov: NCT03138668 . Registered 3rd of May 2017.
| S-EPMC6712695 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThe purpose of this prospective proof of concept study was to investigate the feasibility of using percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation of the femoral nerve to treat pain in the immediate postoperative period following ambulatory anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a patellar autograft.Materials and methodsPreoperatively, an electrical lead (SPRINT, SPR Therapeutics, Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA) was percutaneously implanted with ultrasound guidance anterior to the femoral nerve caudad to the inguinal crease. Within the recovery room, subjects received 5 min of either stimulation or sham in a randomized, double-masked fashion followed by a 5-min crossover period, and then continuous active stimulation until lead removal postoperative Day 14-28. Statistics were not applied to the data due to the small sample size of this feasibility study.ResultsDuring the initial 5-min treatment period, subjects randomized to stimulation (n = 5) experienced a slight downward trajectory (decrease of 7%) in their pain over the 5 min of treatment, while those receiving sham (n = 5) reported a slight upward trajectory (increase of 4%) until their subsequent 5-min stimulation crossover, during which time they also experienced a slight downward trajectory (decrease of 11% from baseline). A majority of subjects (80%) used a continuous adductor canal nerve block for rescue analgesia (in addition to stimulation) during postoperative Days 1-3, after which the median resting and dynamic pain scores remained equal or less than 1.5 on the numeric rating scale, respectively, and the median daily opioid consumption was less than 1.0 tablet.ConclusionsThis proof of concept study demonstrates that percutaneous femoral nerve stimulation is feasible for ambulatory knee surgery; and suggests that this modality may be effective in providing analgesia and decreasing opioid requirements following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02898103.
| S-EPMC6767389 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionNeuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, also known as meralgia paresthetica, causes pain and paresthesia to the anterolateral thigh. It commonly results from nerve irritation from extrinsic compression; however, it may occur spontaneously. Symptoms from this condition can be debilitating, and the pain may be ascribed to other conditions leading to delays in diagnosis. Peripheral nerve blockade can be useful both diagnostically and therapeutically for meralgia paresthetica.Case reportTwo female patients in their sixties presented to the emergency department for chronic, atraumatic, left upper thigh pain. In both cases the patients had hyperalgesia and paresthesia to the anterolateral, upper thigh. The emergency physician performed an ultrasound-guided nerve block of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve for each patient, which resulted in temporary, complete resolution of their pain.ConclusionMeralgia paresthetica is an uncommon but painful condition that can elude diagnosis. Physical exam findings such as allodynia and hyperalgesia of the anterolateral thigh in the absence of back pain is suggestive of the diagnosis. Utrasound-guided nerve blockade can be helpful to the emergency physician to confirm the diagnosis and provide non-opioid pain relief to the patient.
| S-EPMC10247173 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:The PROSPECT (Procedure-Specific Postoperative Pain Management) Group recommended a single injection femoral nerve block in 2008 as a guideline for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Other authors have recommended the addition of sciatic and obturator nerve blocks. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is also involved in pain syndrome following total knee arthroplasty. We hypothesized that preoperative blocking of all four nerves would offer superior analgesia to femoral nerve block alone. METHODS:This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, and observer-blinded clinical study. A total of 107 patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a femoral nerve block group, a multiple nerve block group, and a control group. All patients were treated postoperatively using patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine. Pain intensity at rest, during flexion and extension, and morphine consumption were compared between groups over three days. RESULTS:A total of 90 patients completed the study protocol. Patients who received multiple nerve blocks experienced superior analgesia and had reduced morphine consumption during the postoperative period compared to the other two groups. Pain intensity during flexion was significantly lower in the "blocks" groups versus the control group. Morphine consumption was significantly higher in the control group. CONCLUSIONS:Pain relief after total knee arthroplasty immediately after surgery and on the first postoperative day was significantly superior in patients who received multiple blocks preoperatively, with morphine consumption significantly lower during this period. A preoperative femoral nerve block alone produced partial and insufficient analgesia immediately after surgery and on the first postoperative day. (Clinical trial registration number (NIH): NCT01303120).
| S-EPMC5298367 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common procedure associated with moderate postoperative pain. No nerve block without loss of motor function has been documented for THA. We hypothesised that an ultrasound-guided lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) block added to a multimodal postoperative pain regimen would reduce postoperative pain after THA.MethodsOne hundred patients who had a THA by the posterior approach were evaluated in this randomised, placebo-controlled, blinded, parallel-group trial comparing an ultrasound-guided LFCN-block with either 8 ml of ropivacaine, 7.5 mg/ml, (Group Ropivacaine) or 8 ml of saline (Group Placebo) given postoperatively. Surgery was performed under spinal anaesthesia. The primary outcome was pain (measured on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)) 4 h post-blockade during 30° flexion of the hip. Secondary outcomes were pain at rest, pain during movement, oxycodone consumption (0-24 h), time to mobilisation, ability to mobilise, and length of stay. Patients, assessors and all staff involved with patient care were blinded to the intervention.ResultsThere was no difference in primary outcome between Group Ropivacaine and Group Placebo (VAS 27 mm vs. 31 mm, p = 0.41; difference -5 mm (95% CI: -15 mm - +5 mm). No differences in any of the secondary outcomes were observed. No adverse events, or harms, were observed during the trial.ConclusionPain scores, opioid use, time to mobilisation, and length of stay were low in both Group Ropivacaine and Group Placebo. We found no added analgesic effect of a LFCN-block when combined with paracetamol and ibuprofen after THA by the posterior approach.Trial registrationEudraCT: 2013-004501-12 (December 16th 2013).
| S-EPMC4804512 | biostudies-literature