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Hydrothermal Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Nanohydroxyapatite Powder and Optimization of Its Nanocomposite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy for Orthopedic Applications.

ABSTRACT: Developing appropriate protecting coatings for Mg alloy applications is a challenging issue. Herein, nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAP) powder was first fabricated by the simple hydrothermal microwave-assisted method. A direct current electrophoresis deposition (EPD) of nanoHAP composite coatings on Mg-3Zn-0.8Ca magnesium alloy was successfully executed. Three suspensions with HAP-dispersive resin solution (ETELAC) ratios (in wt %) of 5-5, 5-2.5, and 2.5-2.5 were chosen for optimizing the effect of applied voltage, deposition time, and stirring mode and rates on the EPD process. NanoHAP composite coatings were applied on each sample in single- and double-run depositions. The results revealed that the maximum weight gain on the coated samples was obtained in 5-5 suspension at 50 V under 150 rpm mechanical stirring rate. Surface examination indicated crack-free coating formation with varying grain sizes. Adhesion tests demonstrated high interconnection between the obtained nanocomposite coatings and the alloy substrate. Electrochemical evaluation measurements in SBF at 37 °C indicated that the corrosion resistance of any coated sample is always superior compared to that of the uncoated bare substrate. It was suggested that the EPD of nanoHAP/ETELAC composite coatings on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy can be a good solution for protecting the alloy from the attack of the aggressive ions bound in the SBF environment.

SUBMITTER: Heakal FE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8756588 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionPeriodontitis is a chronic infectious disease and is the major cause of tooth loss and other oral health issues around the world. Periodontal tissue regeneration has therefore always been the ultimate goal of dentists and researchers. Existing fabrication methods mainly focused on a top-down tissue engineering strategy in which several drawbacks remain, including low throughput and limited diffusion properties resulting from a large sample size. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) is a kind of photocrosslinkable and biocompatible hydrogel, with the capacities of enabling cell encapsulation and regeneration of functional tissues. Here, we developed a novel method to fabricate GelMA/nanohydroxylapatite (nHA) microgel arrays using a photocrosslinkable strategy. The viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation and in vivo osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) encapsulated in microgels were evaluated. The results suggested that such microgels provide great potential for periodontal tissue repair and regeneration.MethodsMicrogel arrays were fabricated by blending different weight ratios of GelMA and nHA. hPDLSCs were encapsulated in GelMA/nHA microgels of various ratios for a systematic evaluation of cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. In vivo osteogenesis in nude mice was also studied.ResultsThe GelMA/nHA microgels exhibited appropriate microarchitecture, mechanical strength, and surface roughness, thus enabling cell adhesion and proliferation. Additionally, the GelMA/nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by elevating the expression levels of osteogenic biomarker genes, such as ALP, BSP, OCN, and RUNX2. In vivo ectopic transplantation results showed that GelMA/nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) increased mineralized tissue formation with abundant vascularization, compared with the 1%, 3%, and the pure GelMA group.ConclusionThe GelMA/nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) facilitated hPDLSCs viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and further promoted new bone formation in vivo, suggesting that the GelMA/nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) provide great potential for periodontal tissue regeneration.

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Hydrothermal Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Nanohydroxyapatite Powder and Optimization of Its Nanocomposite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy for Orthopedic Applications.

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