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Rapid identification of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants by mRNA display

ABSTRACT: The increasing prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with the ability to escape existing humoral protection conferred by previous infection and/or immunization necessitates the discovery of broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). Utilizing mRNA display, we identify a set of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins and characterize the structures of nAbs that recognize epitopes in the S1 subunit of the S glycoprotein. These structural studies reveal distinct binding modes for several antibodies, including the targeting of rare cryptic epitopes in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S that interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate infection, as well as the S1 subdomain 1. Further, we engineer a potent ACE2-blocking nAb to sustain binding to S RBD with the E484K and L452R substitutions found in multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. We demonstrate that mRNA display is an approach for the rapid identification of nAbs that can be used in combination to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Graphical abstract Tanaka et al. identify a set of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-targeted potentially neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) by mRNA display. Structural analyses reveal distinct binding modes, including the targeting of rare cryptic S receptor-binding domain epitopes. A further engineered ACE2-blocking nAb shows sustained binding to S RBD with the E484K and L452R substitutions.

SUBMITTER: Tanaka S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8769934 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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