Dataset Information

Ten-Week Sucralose Consumption Induces Gut Dysbiosis and Altered Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Young Adults.

ABSTRACT: Sucralose consumption alters microbiome and carbohydrate metabolism in mouse models. However, there are no conclusive studies in humans. Our goals were to examine the effect of sucralose consumption on the intestinal abundance of bacterial species belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and explore potential associations between microbiome profiles and glucose and insulin blood levels in healthy young adults. In this open-label clinical trial, volunteers randomly drank water, as a control (n = 20), or 48 mg sucralose (n = 20), every day for ten weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study, participants were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to measure serum glucose and insulin every 15 min for 3 h and provided fecal samples to assess gut microbiota using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sucralose intake altered the abundance of Firmicutes without affecting Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes. Two-way ANOVA revealed that volunteers drinking sucralose for ten weeks showed a 3-fold increase in Blautia coccoides and a 0.66-fold decrease in Lactobacillus acidophilus compared to the controls. Sucralose consumption increased serum insulin and the area under the glucose curve compared to water. Long-term sucralose ingestion induces gut dysbiosis associated with altered insulin and glucose levels during an OGTT.

SUBMITTER: Mendez-Garcia LA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8880058 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ten-Week Sucralose Consumption Induces Gut Dysbiosis and Altered Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Young Adults.

Méndez-García Lucía A LA Bueno-Hernández Nallely N Cid-Soto Miguel A MA De León Karen L KL Mendoza-Martínez Viridiana M VM Espinosa-Flores Aranza J AJ Carrero-Aguirre Miguel M Esquivel-Velázquez Marcela M León-Hernández Mireya M Viurcos-Sanabria Rebeca R Ruíz-Barranco Alejandra A Cota-Arce Julián M JM Álvarez-Lee Angélica A De León-Nava Marco A MA Meléndez Guillermo G Escobedo Galileo G

Microorganisms 20220214 2

Sucralose consumption alters microbiome and carbohydrate metabolism in mouse models. However, there are no conclusive studies in humans. Our goals were to examine the effect of sucralose consumption on the intestinal abundance of bacterial species belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and explore potential associations between microbiome profiles and glucose and insulin blood levels in healthy young adults. In this open-label clinical trial, volunteers randomly drank water, ...[more]

PMID: 35208888

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely consumed by humans due to their apparent innocuity, especially sucralose. However, several studies link sucralose consumption to weight gain and metabolic derangements, although data are still contradictory. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of acute and chronic consumption of sucralose on insulin and glucose profiles in young healthy adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in healthy young adults from 18 to 35?years old, without insulin resistance. A hundred thirty seven participants were randomized into three groups: a) volunteers receiving 48?mg sucralose, b) volunteers receiving 96?mg sucralose, and c) controls receiving water as placebo. All participants underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) preceded by consuming sucralose or placebo 15?min before glucose load, at two time points: week zero (Wk0) and week ten (Wk10). Serum insulin and glucose were measured every 15?min during both OGTTs. RESULTS:Compared to Wk0, consumption of sucralose for 10?weeks provoked 1) increased insulin concentrations at 0?min (7.5?±?3.4 vs 8.8?±?4.1 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.01), 30?min (91.3?±?56.2 vs 110.1?±?49.4 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.05), 105?min (47.7?±?24.4 vs 64.3?±?48.2 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.04) and 120?min (44.8?±?22.1 vs 63.1?±?47.8 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.01) in the 48?mg sucralose group; 2) increased blood glucose at -?15?min (87.9?±?4.6 vs 91.4?±?5.4?mg/dL; p?=?0.003), 0?min (88.7?±?4 vs 91.3?±?6?mg/dL; p?=?0.04) and 120?min (95.2?±?23.7 vs 106.9?±?19.5?mg/dL; p?=?0.009) in the 48?mg sucralose group; 3) increased area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in both 48 and 96?mg sucralose groups (9262 vs 11,398; p?=?0.02 and 6962 vs 8394; p?=?0.12, respectively); and 4) reduced Matsuda index in the 48?mg sucralose group (6.04?±?3.19 vs 4.86?±?2.13; p?=?0.01). CONCLUSIONS:These data show that chronic consumption of sucralose can affect insulin and glucose responses in non-insulin resistant healthy young adults with normal body mass index (between 18.5 and 24.9?kg/m2), however, the effects are not consistent with dose; further research is required. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY:NCT03703141.

Project description:Background: Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) are found in many foods and beverages, but consumers may not realize their presence, and their role in appetite, weight, and health is controversial. Although consumption limits based on toxicologic safety are well established, the threshold required to exert clinically relevant metabolic effects is unknown.Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether individuals who do not report consumption of LCSs can be correctly characterized as "unexposed" and to investigate whether instructions to avoid LCSs are effective in minimizing exposure.Design: Eighteen healthy 18- to 35-y-old "nonconsumers" (<1 food or beverage with LCSs/mo) enrolled in a 2-wk trial designed to evaluate the effects of LCSs on the gut microbiota. The trial consisted of 3 visits. At baseline, participants were counseled extensively about avoiding LCSs. After the run-in, participants were randomly assigned to consume diet soda containing sucralose or carbonated water (control) 3 times/d for 1 wk. Food diaries were maintained throughout the study, and a spot urine sample was collected at each visit.Results: At baseline, 8 participants had sucralose in their urine (29.9-239.0 ng/mL; mean ± SD: 111.4 ± 91.5 ng/mL). After the run-in, sucralose was found in 8 individuals (2 of whom did not have detectable sucralose at baseline) and ranged from 25.0 to 1062.0 ng/mL (mean ± SD: 191.7 ± 354.2 ng/mL). Only 1 participant reported consumption of an LCS-containing food before her visit. After the intervention, sucralose was detected in 3 individuals randomly assigned to receive carbonated water (26-121 ng/mL; mean ± SD: 60.7 ± 52.4 ng/mL).Conclusions: Despite the selection of healthy volunteers with minimal reported LCS consumption, more than one-third were exposed to sucralose at baseline and/or before randomization, and nearly half were exposed after assignment to the control. This shows that instructions to avoid LCSs are not effective and that nondietary sources (e.g., personal care products) may be important contributors to overall exposure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02877186.

Dataset Information

Ten-Week Sucralose Consumption Induces Gut Dysbiosis and Altered Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Young Adults.

Publications

Ten-Week Sucralose Consumption Induces Gut Dysbiosis and Altered Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Young Adults.

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