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Chronic sucralose consumption induces elevation of serum insulin in young healthy adults: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely consumed by humans due to their apparent innocuity, especially sucralose. However, several studies link sucralose consumption to weight gain and metabolic derangements, although data are still contradictory. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of acute and chronic consumption of sucralose on insulin and glucose profiles in young healthy adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in healthy young adults from 18 to 35?years old, without insulin resistance. A hundred thirty seven participants were randomized into three groups: a) volunteers receiving 48?mg sucralose, b) volunteers receiving 96?mg sucralose, and c) controls receiving water as placebo. All participants underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) preceded by consuming sucralose or placebo 15?min before glucose load, at two time points: week zero (Wk0) and week ten (Wk10). Serum insulin and glucose were measured every 15?min during both OGTTs. RESULTS:Compared to Wk0, consumption of sucralose for 10?weeks provoked 1) increased insulin concentrations at 0?min (7.5?±?3.4 vs 8.8?±?4.1 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.01), 30?min (91.3?±?56.2 vs 110.1?±?49.4 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.05), 105?min (47.7?±?24.4 vs 64.3?±?48.2 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.04) and 120?min (44.8?±?22.1 vs 63.1?±?47.8 ?IU/mL; p?=?0.01) in the 48?mg sucralose group; 2) increased blood glucose at -?15?min (87.9?±?4.6 vs 91.4?±?5.4?mg/dL; p?=?0.003), 0?min (88.7?±?4 vs 91.3?±?6?mg/dL; p?=?0.04) and 120?min (95.2?±?23.7 vs 106.9?±?19.5?mg/dL; p?=?0.009) in the 48?mg sucralose group; 3) increased area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in both 48 and 96?mg sucralose groups (9262 vs 11,398; p?=?0.02 and 6962 vs 8394; p?=?0.12, respectively); and 4) reduced Matsuda index in the 48?mg sucralose group (6.04?±?3.19 vs 4.86?±?2.13; p?=?0.01). CONCLUSIONS:These data show that chronic consumption of sucralose can affect insulin and glucose responses in non-insulin resistant healthy young adults with normal body mass index (between 18.5 and 24.9?kg/m2), however, the effects are not consistent with dose; further research is required. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY:NCT03703141.

SUBMITTER: Bueno-Hernandez N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7155288 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chronic sucralose consumption induces elevation of serum insulin in young healthy adults: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial.

Bueno-Hernández Nallely N Esquivel-Velázquez Marcela M Alcántara-Suárez Raúl R Gómez-Arauz Angélica Y AY Espinosa-Flores Aranza J AJ de León-Barrera Karen L KL Mendoza-Martínez Viridiana M VM Sánchez Medina Gabriela A GA León-Hernández Mireya M Ruiz-Barranco Alejandra A Escobedo Galileo G Meléndez Guillermo G

Nutrition journal 20200413 1

<h4>Background</h4>Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely consumed by humans due to their apparent innocuity, especially sucralose. However, several studies link sucralose consumption to weight gain and metabolic derangements, although data are still contradictory.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine the effect of acute and chronic consumption of sucralose on insulin and glucose profiles in young healthy adults.<h4>Material and methods</h4>This was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-cont ...[more]

PMID: 32284053

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Project description:Background: Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) are found in many foods and beverages, but consumers may not realize their presence, and their role in appetite, weight, and health is controversial. Although consumption limits based on toxicologic safety are well established, the threshold required to exert clinically relevant metabolic effects is unknown.Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether individuals who do not report consumption of LCSs can be correctly characterized as "unexposed" and to investigate whether instructions to avoid LCSs are effective in minimizing exposure.Design: Eighteen healthy 18- to 35-y-old "nonconsumers" (<1 food or beverage with LCSs/mo) enrolled in a 2-wk trial designed to evaluate the effects of LCSs on the gut microbiota. The trial consisted of 3 visits. At baseline, participants were counseled extensively about avoiding LCSs. After the run-in, participants were randomly assigned to consume diet soda containing sucralose or carbonated water (control) 3 times/d for 1 wk. Food diaries were maintained throughout the study, and a spot urine sample was collected at each visit.Results: At baseline, 8 participants had sucralose in their urine (29.9-239.0 ng/mL; mean ± SD: 111.4 ± 91.5 ng/mL). After the run-in, sucralose was found in 8 individuals (2 of whom did not have detectable sucralose at baseline) and ranged from 25.0 to 1062.0 ng/mL (mean ± SD: 191.7 ± 354.2 ng/mL). Only 1 participant reported consumption of an LCS-containing food before her visit. After the intervention, sucralose was detected in 3 individuals randomly assigned to receive carbonated water (26-121 ng/mL; mean ± SD: 60.7 ± 52.4 ng/mL).Conclusions: Despite the selection of healthy volunteers with minimal reported LCS consumption, more than one-third were exposed to sucralose at baseline and/or before randomization, and nearly half were exposed after assignment to the control. This shows that instructions to avoid LCSs are not effective and that nondietary sources (e.g., personal care products) may be important contributors to overall exposure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02877186.

Project description:BackgroundFacemasks are increasingly worn during air pollution episodes in China, but their protective effects are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the filtration efficiencies of N95 facemasks and the cardiopulmonary benefits associated with wearing facemasks during episodes of pollution.ResultsWe measured the filtration efficiencies of particles in ambient air of six types of N95 facemasks with a manikin headform. The most effective one was used in a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover study, involving 15 healthy young adults, conducted during 2 days of severe pollution in Beijing, China. Subjects were asked to walk along a busy-traffic road for 2 h wearing authentic or sham N95 facemasks. Clinical tests were performed four times to determine changes in the levels of biomarkers of airway inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress within 24 h after exposure. The facemasks removed 48-75% of number concentrations of ambient air particles between 5.6 and 560 nm in diameter. After adjustments for multiple comparison, the exhaled nitric oxide level and the levels of interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in exhaled breath condensate increased significantly in all subjects; however, the increases in those wearing authentic facemasks were statistically significantly lower than in the sham group. No significant between-group difference was evident in the urinary creatinine-corrected malondialdehyde level. In arterial stiffness indicators, the ejection duration of subjects wearing authentic facemasks was higher after exposure compared to the sham group; no significant between-group difference was found in augmentation pressure or the augmentation index.ConclusionsIn young healthy adults, N95 facemasks partially reduced acute particle-associated airway inflammation, but neither systemic oxidative stress nor endothelial dysfunction improved significantly. The clinical significance of these findings long-term remains to be determined.Trial registrationThe trial registration number (TRN) for this study is ChiCTR1800016099 , which was retrospectively registered on May 11, 2018.

Dataset Information

Chronic sucralose consumption induces elevation of serum insulin in young healthy adults: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial.

Publications

Chronic sucralose consumption induces elevation of serum insulin in young healthy adults: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial.

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