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Targeting oxidized phospholipids by AAV-based gene therapy in mice with established hepatic steatosis prevents progression to fibrosis.

ABSTRACT: Oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) are implicated in chronic tissue damage. Hyperlipidemic LDL-R--deficient mice transgenic for an OxPC-recognizing IgM fragment (scFv-E06) are protected against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To examine the effect of OxPC elimination at different stages of NAFLD progression, we used cre-dependent, adeno-associated virus serotype 8-mediated expression of the single-chain variable fragment of E06 (AAV8-scFv-E06) in hepatocytes of albumin-cre mice. AAV8-induced expression of scFv-E06 at the start of FPC diet protected mice from developing hepatic steatosis. Independently, expression of scFv-E06 in mice with established steatosis prevented the progression to hepatic fibrosis. Mass spectrometry-based oxophospho-lipidomics identified individual OxPC species that were reduced by scFv-E06 expression. In vitro, identified OxPC species dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism and gene expression in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. We demonstrate that individual OxPC species independently affect disease initiation and progression from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, and that AAV-mediated expression of scFv-E06 is an effective therapeutic intervention.

SUBMITTER: Upchurch CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9286512 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Berberine prevents progression from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Project description:The histological spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) ranges from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Berberine (BBR) is known for its therapeutic effect on obesity, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia; however, its effect on NAFLD has yet to be thoroughly explored. Db/db mice and methionine-choline-deficient diet-fed mice were administered BBR via gavage. We found that BBR-treated mice were more resistant to steatosis in the liver than vehicle-treated mice and that BBR significantly reduced hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and lipid peroxides. The beneficial effect of BBR was associated with suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additionally, BBR decreased the free fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and tunicamycin-induced ER stress in primary hepatocytes and hepatocyte cell lines. We demonstrated that BBR exhibited chaperone activity, reduced protein aggregation in vitro and alleviated tunicamycin-induced triglyceride and collagen deposition in vivo. Finally, we showed that BBR could reverse ER stress-activated lipogenesis through the ATF6/SREBP-1c pathway in vitro. These results indicated that BBR may be a new therapeutic strategy against hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

| S-EPMC4746620 | biostudies-literature

CPEB4 prevents hepatic steatosis

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2017-01-16 | GSE81877 | GEO

CPEB4 prevents hepatic steatosis

Project description:CPEB4 prevents hepatic steatosis

| PRJNA322835 | ENA

CPEB4 prevents hepatic steatosis [RIP-Seq]

Project description:The Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding (CPEB)-family of RNA-binding proteins regulates pre-mRNA processing and translation of CPE-containing mRNAs in early embryonic development and synaptic activity. However, the specific functions of each CPEB in the adult organism are poorly understood. Here we show that CPEB4 is required to suppress high fat diet- and aging-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and its subsequent hepatic steatosis. Stress-activated expression of CPEB4 in the liver is controlled through a double layer of regulation. First, Cpeb4 is transcriptionally regulated by the circadian clock and then, its mRNA translation is regulated by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) through the upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs) present in its 5’ UTR. Thus, CPEB4 is synthesized only upon ER-stress but the amplitude of the induction is circadian. In turn, CPEB4 activates a second wave of UPR-translation required to maintain ER and mitochondrial homeostasis. Our results suggest that combined transcriptional and translational regulation of CPEB4 generates a “circadian mediator”, which coordinates the hepatic UPR activity with periods of high ER protein-folding demand preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

2017-01-16 | GSE81876 | GEO

CPEB4 prevents hepatic steatosis [RNA-Seq]

2017-01-16 | GSE81875 | GEO

Hepatic expression profiling identifies steatosis-independent and steatosis-driven advanced fibrosis genes.

Project description:Chronic liver disease (CLD) is associated with tissue-destructive fibrosis. Considering that common mechanisms drive fibrosis across etiologies, and that steatosis is an important cofactor for pathology, we performed RNA sequencing on liver biopsies of patients with different fibrosis stages, resulting from infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (with or without steatosis) or fatty liver disease. In combination with enhanced liver fibrosis score correlation analysis, we reveal a common set of genes associated with advanced fibrosis, as exemplified by those encoding the transcription factor ETS-homologous factor (EHF) and the extracellular matrix protein versican (VCAN). We identified 17 fibrosis-associated genes as candidate EHF targets and demonstrated that EHF regulates multiple fibrosis-associated genes, including VCAN, in hepatic stellate cells. Serum VCAN levels were also elevated in advanced fibrosis patients. Comparing biopsies from patients with HCV with or without steatosis, we identified a steatosis-enriched gene set associated with advanced fibrosis, validating follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) as an exemplar of this profile. In patients with advanced fibrosis, serum FSTL1 levels were elevated in those with steatosis (versus those without). Liver Fstl1 mRNA levels were also elevated in murine CLD models. We thus reveal a common gene signature for CLD-associated liver fibrosis and potential biomarkers and/or targets for steatosis-associated liver fibrosis.

| S-EPMC6124454 | biostudies-literature

Impaired Cardiolipin Biosynthesis Prevents Hepatic Steatosis and Diet-Induced Obesity.

Project description:Mitochondria are the nexus of energy metabolism, and consequently their dysfunction has been implicated in the development of metabolic complications and progression to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The unique tetra-acyl phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it maintains mitochondrial integrity. Here we show that knockdown of Tafazzin (TAZ kd), a CL transacylase, in mice results in protection against the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. We determined that hypermetabolism protected TAZ kd mice from weight gain. Unexpectedly, the large reduction of CL in the heart and skeletal muscle of TAZ kd mice was not mirrored in the liver. As a result, TAZ kd mice exhibited normal hepatic mitochondrial supercomplex formation and elevated hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Collectively, these studies identify a key role for hepatic CL remodeling in regulating susceptibility to insulin resistance and as a novel therapeutic target for diet-induced obesity.

| S-EPMC5079636 | biostudies-literature

IL-33 treatment attenuated diet-induced hepatic steatosis but aggravated hepatic fibrosis.

Project description:The aim of our work was to investigate the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and its receptor ST2 in the progression of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice, and the characteristic expression in livers of patients with NASH. Mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or methionine-choline 4-deficient diet (MCD) and injected intraperitoneally with IL-33. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-33 and ST2 were up-regulated in the livers of mice fed with HFD or MCD. Treatment with IL-33 attenuated diet-induced hepatic steatosis and reduced activities of ALT in serum, as well as ameliorated HFD-induced systemic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, while aggravated hepatic fibrosis in diet-induced NASH. Furthermore, treatment with IL-33 can also promote Th2 response and M2 macrophage activation and beneficial modulation on expression profiles of fatty acid metabolism genes in livers. ST2 deficiency did not affect hepatic steatosis and fibrosis when fed with controlling diet. IL-33 did not affect diet-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in ST2 knockout mice. Meanwhile, in the livers of patients with NASH, IL-33 was mainly located in hepatic sinusoid, endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells. The mRNA expression level of IL-33 and ST2 was elevated with the progression of NASH. In conclusion, treatment with IL-33 attenuated diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but aggravated hepatic fibrosis, in a ST2-dependent manner.

| S-EPMC5085109 | biostudies-literature

Inhibition of Notch signaling prevents experimental fibrosis and induces regression of established fibrosis.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:Tissue fibrosis caused by pathologic activation of fibroblasts with increased synthesis of extracellular matrix components is a major hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Notch signaling regulates tissue differentiation, and abnormal activation of Notch signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of Notch signaling in SSc and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Notch inhibition for the treatment of fibrosis. METHODS:Activation of the Notch pathways was analyzed by staining for the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and quantification of levels of HES-1 messenger RNA. In the mouse model of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and in tight skin 1 mice, Notch signaling was inhibited by the ?-secretase inhibitor DAPT and by overexpression of a Notch-1 antisense construct. RESULTS:Notch signaling was activated in SSc in vivo, with accumulation of the NICD and increased transcription of the target gene HES-1. Overexpression of a Notch antisense construct prevented bleomycin-induced fibrosis and hypodermal thickening in tight skin 1 mice. Potent antifibrotic effects were also obtained with DAPT treatment. In addition to prevention of fibrosis, targeting of Notch signaling resulted in almost complete regression of established experimental fibrosis. CONCLUSION:The present results demonstrate that pharmacologic as well as genetic inhibition of Notch signaling exerts potent antifibrotic effects in different murine models of SSc. These findings might have direct translational implications because different inhibitors of the ?-secretase complex are available and have yielded promising results in cancer trials.

| S-EPMC5175482 | biostudies-literature

mTORC1-independent Raptor prevents hepatic steatosis by stabilizing PHLPP2.

Project description:Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), defined by the presence of Raptor, is an evolutionarily conserved and nutrient-sensitive regulator of cellular growth and other metabolic processes. To date, all known functions of Raptor involve its scaffolding mTOR kinase with substrate. Here we report that mTORC1-independent ('free') Raptor negatively regulates hepatic Akt activity and lipogenesis. Free Raptor levels in liver decline with age and in obesity; restoration of free Raptor levels reduces liver triglyceride content, through reduced ?-TrCP-mediated degradation of the Akt phosphatase, PHLPP2. Commensurately, forced PHLPP2 expression ameliorates hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. These data suggest that the balance of free and mTORC1-associated Raptor governs hepatic lipid accumulation, and uncover the potentially therapeutic role of PHLPP2 activators in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

| S-EPMC4729872 | biostudies-other

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