Development of a Modular Tissue Phantom for Evaluating Vascular Access Devices.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Boice EN
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9311941 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundRandomized controlled trials evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for central venous access devices, however, high complication rates remain. Scoping reviews map the available evidence and demonstrate evidence deficiencies to focus ongoing research priorities.MethodA scoping review (January 2006-December 2015) of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to improve central venous access device outcomes; including peripherally inserted central catheters, non-tunneled, tunneled and totally implanted venous access catheters. MeSH terms were used to undertake a systematic search with data extracted by two independent researchers, using a standardized data extraction form.ResultsIn total, 178 trials were included (78 non-tunneled [44%]; 40 peripherally inserted central catheters [22%]; 20 totally implanted [11%]; 12 tunneled [6%]; 6 non-specified [3%]; and 22 combined device trials [12%]). There were 119 trials (68%) involving adult participants only, with 18 (9%) pediatric and 20 (11%) neonatal trials. Insertion-related themes existed in 38% of trials (67 RCTs), 35 RCTs (20%) related to post-insertion patency, with fewer trials on infection prevention (15 RCTs, 8%), education (14RCTs, 8%), and dressing and securement (12 RCTs, 7%). There were 46 different study outcomes reported, with the most common being infection outcomes (161 outcomes; 37%), with divergent definitions used for catheter-related bloodstream and other infections.ConclusionMore high quality randomized trials across central venous access device management are necessary, especially in dressing and securement and patency. These can be encouraged by having more studies with multidisciplinary team involvement and consumer engagement. Additionally, there were extensive gaps within population sub-groups, particularly in tunneled devices, and in pediatrics and neonates. Finally, outcome definitions need to be unified for results to be meaningful and comparable across studies.
| S-EPMC5360326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Physical phantoms have been widely used for performance evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although there are many kinds of physical phantoms, most MRI phantoms use fixed configurations with specific sizes that may fit one or a few different types of radio frequency (RF) coils. Therefore, it has limitations for various image quality assessments of scanning areas. In this article, we report a novel design for a truly customizable MRI phantom called the LEGO-compatible Modular Mapping (MOMA) phantom, which not only serves as a general quality assurance phantom for a wide range of RF coils, but also a flexible calibration phantom for quantitative imaging. The MOMA phantom has a modular architecture which includes individual assessment functionality of the modules and LEGO-type assembly compatibility. We demonstrated the feasibility of the MOMA phantom for quantitative evaluation of image quality using customized module assembly compatible with head, breast, spine, knee, and body coil features. This unique approach allows comprehensive image quality evaluation with wide versatility. In addition, we provide detailed MOMA phantom development and imaging characteristics of the modules.
| S-EPMC7478958 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe comparative effectiveness of ProGlide® compared with MANTA® vascular closure devices (VCDs) in large-bore access site management is not entirely certain, and has only been evaluated in underpowered studies. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the outcomes of ProGlide® compared with MANTA® VCDs.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched systematically for relevant articles from the inception of the database until August 27, 2021. The outcomes of interest were all bleeding events, major bleeding, major and minor vascular complications, pseudoaneurysm, stenosis or dissection, and VCD failure. Risk ratios were used as point estimates of endpoints. All statistical analyses were carried out using R version 4.0.3.ResultsFour observational studies and 1 pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference between the ProGlide® and MANTA® groups in the risk of all bleeding events, major/life-threatening bleeding, major vascular complications, minor vascular complications, pseudoaneurysms, and/or stenosis or dissection of the entry site vessel. However, the incidence of VCD failure was higher in the ProGlide® group compared with the MANTA® group (RR 1.94; 95% CI 1.31-2.84; I2 = 0%).ConclusionIn conclusion, both VCDs (ProGlide® and MANTA®) have comparable outcomes with regard to risk of bleeding, vascular complications, pseudoaneurysms, and/or stenosis or dissection of entry vessel. ProGlide® was however associated with higher device failure.
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Project description:Microfluidic barrier tissue models have emerged as advanced in vitro tools to explore interactions with external stimuli such as drug candidates, pathogens, or toxins. However, the procedures required to establish and maintain these systems can be challenging to implement for end users, particularly those without significant in-house engineering expertise. Here we present a module-based approach that provides an easy-to-use workflow to establish, maintain, and analyze microscale tissue constructs. Our approach begins with a removable culture insert that is magnetically coupled, decoupled, and transferred between standalone, prefabricated microfluidic modules for simplified cell seeding, culture, and downstream analysis. The modular approach allows several options for perfusion including standard syringe pumps or integration with a self-contained gravity-fed module for simple cell maintenance. As proof of concept, we establish a culture of primary human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and report combined surface protein imaging and gene expression after controlled apical stimulation with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating hydrated biomaterial interfaces into the microfluidic architecture by integrating an ultra-thin (< 1 μm), self-assembled hyaluronic acid/peptide amphiphile culture membrane with brain-specific Young's modulus (~ 1kPa). To highlight the importance of including biomimetic interfaces into microscale models we report multi-tiered readouts from primary rat cortical cells cultured on the self-assembled membrane and compare a panel of mRNA targets with primary brain tissue signatures. We anticipate that the modular approach and simplified operational workflows presented here will enable a wide range of research groups to incorporate microfluidic barrier tissue models into their work.
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Project description:Understanding and reshaping cellular behaviors with synthetic gene networks requires the ability to sense and respond to changes in the intracellular environment. Intracellular proteins are involved in almost all cellular processes, and thus can provide important information about changes in cellular conditions such as infections, mutations, or disease states. Here we report the design of a modular platform for intrabody-based protein sensing-actuation devices with transcriptional output triggered by detection of intracellular proteins in mammalian cells. We demonstrate reporter activation response (fluorescence, apoptotic gene) to proteins involved in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and Huntington's disease, and show sensor-based interference with HIV-1 downregulation of HLA-I in infected T cells. Our method provides a means to link varying cellular conditions with robust control of cellular behavior for scientific and therapeutic applications.
| S-EPMC5951936 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Small-scale wireless magnetic robots and devices offer an effective solution to operations in hard-to-reach and high-risk enclosed places, such as inside the human body, nuclear plants, and vehicle infrastructure. In order to obtain functionalities beyond the capability of magnetic forces and torques exerted on magnetic materials used in these robotic devices, electronics need to be also integrated into them. However, their capabilities and power sources are still very limited compared to their larger-scale counterparts due to their much smaller sizes. Here, groups of milli/centimeter-scale wireless magnetic modules are shown to enable on-site electronic circuit construction and operation of highly demanding wireless electrical devices with no batteries, that is, with wireless power. Moreover, the mobility of the modular components brings remote modification and reconfiguration capabilities. When these small-scale robotic modules are remotely assembled into specific geometries, they can achieve, if not impossible, challenging electrical tasks for individual modules. Using such a method, several wireless and battery-free robotic devices are demonstrated using milli/centimeter-scale robotic modules, such as a wireless circuit to power light-emitting diodes with lower external fields, a device to actuate relatively high force-output shape memory alloy actuators, and a wireless force sensor, all of which can be modified on-site.
| S-EPMC8425854 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is a need to quantify and reproduce the mechanical behavior of brain tissue for a variety of applications from designing proper training models for surgeons to enabling research on the effectiveness of personal protective gear, such as football helmets. The mechanical response of several candidate phantom materials, including hydrogels and emulsions, was characterized and compared to porcine brain tissue under similar strains and strain rates. Some candidate materials were selected since their compositions were similar to brain tissue, such as emulsions that mimic the high content of lipids. Others, like silicone, were included since these are currently used as phantom materials. The mechanical response of the emulsion was closer to that of the native porcine brain tissue than the other candidates. The emulsions, created by addition of oil to a hydrogel, were able to withstand compressive strain greater than 40%. The addition of lipids in the emulsions also prevented the syneresis typically seen with hydrogel materials. This allowed the emulsion material to undergo freeze-thaw cycles with no significant change in their mechanical properties.
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Project description:The ability of a single genome to produce distinct and often dramatically different male and female forms is one of the wonders of animal development. In Drosophila melanogaster, most sexually dimorphic traits are controlled by sex-specific isoforms of the doublesex (dsx) transcription factor, and dsx expression is mostly limited to cells that give rise to sexually dimorphic traits. However, it is unknown how this mosaic of sexually dimorphic and monomorphic organs arises. Here, we characterize the cis-regulatory sequences that control dsx expression in the foreleg, which contains multiple types of sex-specific sensory organs. We find that separate modular enhancers are responsible for dsx expression in each sexually dimorphic organ. Expression of dsx in the sex comb is co-regulated by two enhancers with distinct spatial and temporal specificities that are separated by a genitalia-specific enhancer. The sex comb-specific enhancer from D. willistoni, a species that primitively lacks sex combs, is not active in the foreleg. Thus, the mosaic of sexually dimorphic and monomorphic organs depends on modular regulation of dsx transcription by dedicated cell type-specific enhancers.
| S-EPMC6679366 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The number of patients with chronic kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy has increased worldwide. The most common replacement therapy is hemodialysis (HD). Vascular access (VA) has a key role for successful treatment. Despite the advances that have taken place in the field of the HD procedure, few things have changed with regards to VA in recent years. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF), polytetrafluoroethylene graft and the cuffed double lumen silicone catheter are the most common used for VA. In the long term, a number of complications may present and more than one VA is needed during the HD life. The most common complications for all of VA types are thrombosis, bleeding and infection, the most common cause of morbidity in these patients. It has been estimated that VA dysfunction is responsible for 20% of all hospitalizations. The annual cost of placing and looking after dialysis VA in the United States exceeds 1 billion dollars per year. A good functional access is also vital in order to deliver adequate HD therapy. It seems that the native AVF that Brescia and Cimino described in 1966 still remains the first choice for VA. The native forearm AVFs have the longest survival and require the fewest interventions. For this reason, the forearm AVF is the first choice, followed by the upper-arm AVF, the arteriovenous graft and the cuffed central venous catheter is the final choice. In conclusion, VA remains the most important issue for patients on HD and despite the technical improvements, a number of problems and complications have to be resolved.
| S-EPMC3782199 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Needle steering is a technology for guiding needles around sensitive internal obstacles in minimally invasive surgery. Traditional techniques apply rotation at the base of a needle with an asymmetric tip, enabling steering through the redirection of radial forces. Magnetic steering of catheters and continuum manipulators is another technology that allows steering of a shaft in the body. Both of these techniques rely on mechanical or manual shaft advancement methods. Needle steering has not achieved widespread clinical use due to several limitations: 1- buckling and compression effects in the shaft and needle rotation cause excessive tissue damage; 2- torsion effects on the shaft and needle deflection at tissue boundaries lead to difficulty in control; and 3- restricted radius of curvature results in limited workspace. Magnetically steered catheters and continuum manipulators also suffer from limited curvature and the possibility of buckling. This paper proposes a novel needle steering method empowered by electromagnetic actuation that overcomes all of the aforementioned limitations, making it a promising option for further study toward healthcare applications.
| S-EPMC7016187 | biostudies-literature