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Green Synthesis of Fe_xO_y Nanoparticles with Potential Antioxidant Properties.

ABSTRACT: Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe_xO_y-NPs) are currently being applied in numerous high-tech sectors, such as in chemical sectors for catalysis and in the medical sector for drug delivery systems and antimicrobial purposes, due to their specific, unique and magnetic properties. Nevertheless, their synthesis is under continuous investigation, as physicochemical methods are considered expensive and require toxic solvents. Thus, green nanotechnology has shown considerable promise in the eco-biogenesis of nanoparticles. In the current study, Fe_xO_y-NPs were synthesized by two different methods: via green synthesis through the use of polyphenols, which were extracted from Phoenix dactylifera L.; and via chemical synthesis, in which the reducing agent was a chemical (NaOH), and iron chloride was used as a precursor. Thus, polyphenol extraction and its ability to produce nanoparticles were evaluated based on the drying temperature used during the Phoenix dactylifera L. recollection, as well as the extraction solvent used. The results highlight the potential of polyphenols present in Phoenix dactylifera L. for the sustainable manufacture of Fe_xO_y-NPs. Finally, green and chemical syntheses were compared on the basis of physicochemical characteristics and functional properties.

SUBMITTER: Abdullah JAA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9315626 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Green Synthesis of FexOy Nanoparticles with Potential Antioxidant Properties.

Abdullah Johar Amin Ahmed JAA Jiménez-Rosado Mercedes M Perez-Puyana Víctor V Guerrero Antonio A Romero Alberto A

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 20220717 14

Iron oxide nanoparticles (FexOy-NPs) are currently being applied in numerous high-tech sectors, such as in chemical sectors for catalysis and in the medical sector for drug delivery systems and antimicrobial purposes, due to their specific, unique and magnetic properties. Nevertheless, their synthesis is under continuous investigation, as physicochemical methods are considered expensive and require toxic solvents. Thus, green nanotechnology has shown considerable promise in ...[more]

PMID: 35889673

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Project description:PurposeThe leaves and flowering stem of Origanum vulgare contain essential oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins. We propose a new, simple, one-pot, O. vulgare extract (OVE) mediated green synthesis method of biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possessing improved antioxidant, antimicrobial and plasmonic properties.Materials and methodsDifferent concentrations of OVEs were used to reduce gold ions and to synthetize biocompatible spherical AuNPs. Their morphology and physical properties have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, whereas their plasmonic properties have been tested using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The antioxidant properties of nanoparticles (NPs) have been evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, and the antimicrobial tests were performed using the disk diffusion assay. Their cytotoxicity has been assessed by means of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.ResultsThe experimental results confirmed the successful synthesis of biocompatible, spherical, plasmonic NPs having a mean diameter of ~40 nm and an outstanding aqueous stability. This new class of NPs exhibits a very good antioxidant activity and presents interesting inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Due to their plasmonic properties, AuNPs are used as SERS substrates for the detection of a test molecule (methylene blue) up to a concentration of 10-7 M and a pharmaceutical compound (propranolol) in solution. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that AuNPs are better tolerated by normal human dermal fibroblast cells, while the melanoma cancer cells are more sensitive.ConclusionThe biocompatible AuNPs synthetized using OVEs showed significant bactericidal and antimycotic activities, the most sensitive microorganisms being S. aureus and C. albicans, both commonly involved in various dermatological infections. Moreover, the significant antioxidant effect might recommend their use for protective and/or preventive effect in various skin inflammatory conditions, including the reduction in side effects in dermatological infections. Meanwhile, the as-synthesized biocompatible AuNPs can be successfully used as SERS substrates for the detection of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous solutions.

Project description:Among iron oxide phases, magnetite (Fe3O4) is often the preferred one for nanotechnological and biomedical applications because of its high saturation magnetization and low toxicity. Although there are several synthetic routes that attempt to reach magnetite nanoparticles (NPs), they are usually referred as "IONPs" (iron oxide NPs) due to the great difficulty in obtaining the monophasic and stoichiometric Fe3O4 phase. Added to this problem is the common increase of size/shape polydispersity when larger NPs (D > 20 nm) are synthesized. An unequivocal correlation between a nanomaterial and its properties can only be achieved by the production of highly homogeneous systems, which, in turn, is only possible by the continuous improvement of synthesis methods. There is no doubt that solving the compositional heterogeneity of IONPs while keeping them monodisperse remains a challenge for synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present a methodical optimization of the iron oleate decomposition method to obtain Fe3O4 single nanocrystals without any trace of secondary phases and with no need of postsynthetic treatment. The average dimension of the NPs, ranging from 20 to 40 nm, has been tailored by adjusting the total volume and the boiling point of the reaction mixture. Mössbauer spectroscopy and DC magnetometry have revealed that the NPs present a perfectly stoichiometric Fe3O4 phase. The high saturation magnetization (93 (2) A·m2/kg at RT) and the extremely sharp Verwey transition (at around 120 K) shown by these NPs have no precedent. Moreover, the synthesis method has been refined to obtain NPs with octahedral morphology and suitable magnetic anisotropy, which significantly improves the magnetic hyperthemia performance. The heating power of properly PEGylated nano-octahedrons has been investigated by AC magnetometry, confirming that the NPs present negligible dipolar interactions, which leads to an outstanding magnetothermal efficiency that does not change when the NPs are dispersed in environments with high viscosity and ionic strength. Additionally, the heat production of the NPs within physiological media has been directly measured by calorimetry under clinically safe conditions, reasserting the excellent adequacy of the system for hyperthermia therapies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such bulklike magnetite NPs (with minimal size/shape polydispersity, minor agglomeration, and exceptional heating power) are chemically synthesized.

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Green Synthesis of Fe_xO_y Nanoparticles with Potential Antioxidant Properties.

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Green Synthesis of Fe<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> Nanoparticles with Potential Antioxidant Properties.

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