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Morphology of the Female Reproductive System of the Soybean Thrips, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach, 1896) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

ABSTRACT: Soybean thrips (Neohydatothrips variabilis) are an important phytophagous vector of the widely recognized Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus (SVNV). Understanding the egg-laying behavior of these thrips could aid in developing strategies for the management of the vector and virus. In this study, we described the egg-laying behavior of N. variabilis and reconstructed the three-dimensional morphology of the female terminalia by using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The female reproductive system consists of two panoistic ovaries consisting of eight ovarioles. The appendage gland is connected to the ovaries by two muscles, and to the body wall by a single muscle. The spermatheca is connected to the eighth tergum through four branched muscles, to the basivalvulae of the ovipositor by one muscle and to the vagina by a single muscle. The external genitalia are operated by seven muscles. The movement of the eggs inside the ovipositor is achieved by the back and forth "rocking" movement of the first valvulae and valvifer. Eggs are deposited into the parenchymatous tissue alongside leaf veins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the internal and external genitalia of N. variabilis.

SUBMITTER: Hameed A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9317315 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Simple Summary Soybean vein necrosis, caused by soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) is an important viral disease of soybeans that can be seed borne or insect vectored. This plant viral disease affects seed qualitative parameters, including seed oil content. Increased damage is observed in late planted soybeans. The disease is widespread, and almost all soybean-growing states in USA are affected. Globally, SVNV is reported in Canada, the United States, Egypt and Pakistan. In order to manage the disease, it is important to understand the vector’s biology and the effect of SVNV on life table parameters (survival, longevity, mortality, doubling time, generation, rate of intrinsic increase) of vector soybean thrips, which can help to establish pest management predictive models. We used an age-stage two-sex life table estimation model to define the effect of SVNV on the life parameters of male and female soybean thrips. Overall, we found that SVNV infection increased viruliferous thrips survival, longevity, gross reproduction rate, life expectancy and decreased population doubling time. Overall viruliferous thrips benefit from SVNV infection and transmission due to better survival, longevity and increased fitness. Abstract Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus (SVNV: Tospoviridae: Orthotospovirus), the causal agent of soybean vein necrosis disease, is vectored by soybean thrips Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach, 1896), and to a lesser extent by five other thrips species. There is increasing incidence of soybean vein necrosis (SVN) disease in all soybean growing states in the United States, Canada, Egypt and Pakistan, necessitating a study of the system’s ecology and management. We addressed the effect of SVNV on the life table parameters of the vector. We used an ‘age-stage two-sex’ life table approach, which provided detailed life stage durations of each larval instar and adults (both sexes). Our results showed that the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mortality index (qx) were higher in the infected population, while the net reproduction rate (Ro), cumulative probability of survival (lx) and gross reproduction rate (GRR) were lower in the uninfected population. Overall, in both infected and uninfected populations, the number of eggs producing haploid males via arrhenotoky ranged from 9–12 per female. Male to female ratio was female biased in the infected population. Overall, our study provided evidence that virus infection, by decreasing the population doubling time, could enhance the virus and vector populations in soybeans.

Dataset Information

Morphology of the Female Reproductive System of the Soybean Thrips, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach, 1896) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

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