Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Muresu N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9318826 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Interventions: Brief name: anal swab
Kidney transplant recipients attending routine review appointments will be approached to participate. They will be provided a participant information and consent form (PICF) detailing the purpose, methods and risks and benefits of the study. The study will include adults willing and able to give informed consent in English. Consented participants will complete an initial coded demographic and behavioural questionnaire. Trained staff will then take an anal swab taken using a moistened Dacron swab for subsequent HPV testing. The Dacron swab will be vigorously eluded into a ThinPrep (Hologic) vial containing PreservCyt fixative medium. Any participant with either a significant cytological abnormality, or in whom high risk HPV is detected, will be referred for further investigation at a specialist clinic. A letter will be sent to participants with negative or low-risk results as well as their nominated GP.
This pilot study will evaluate the feasibility of collecting potentially sensitive behavioural data, taking anal swab specimens and performing rectal examinations, in order to identify those at high risk of serious disease.
Primary outcome(s): Prevalence of type-specific anal human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in renal transplant recipients, using PCR amplification of target DNA, and hybridization with a reverse line blot system.[ Anal swab will be performed within 14 days after completion of baseline questionnaire. Genotyping will be performed in batches, for every 20 participant samples.];Prevalence and type of anal cytological abnormalities in renal transplant recipients, using ThinPrep (Hologic) standard procedure.
[ Anal swab will be performed within 14 days after completion of baseline questionnaire. Cytology testing will be performed within 7 days of sample collection.];Feasibility of use of anal swabs as a screening tool for the detection of HPV infection and abnormal cytological abnormalities. This will be assessed through enrolment rates from all eligible approached participants and also feedback given in the baseline questionnaires.[ Feasibility will be assessed after all participants have been tested, and followed up if needed.]
Study Design: Purpose: Diagnosis; Allocation: Non-randomised trial; Masking: Open (masking not used);Assignment: Single group;Type of endpoint: Efficacy
| 2464549 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) is involved in cancers in addition to cervical cancer. For example, it is generally accepted that HPV has a role in a significant proportion of head and neck tumours, and it has long been hypothesised that hormone dependent oncogenic viruses, such as HPV may have causal roles in some human breast cancers. A number of reports have identified HPV DNA in breast tissue and breast cancer specimens, but these rely on standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is criticised for its propensity for contamination.MethodsWe have used two different technologies, in situ and standard PCR (with sequencing), and histology based on light microscopy.ResultsWe unambiguously demonstrate the presence of high-risk HPV in the cells of breast cancer specimens and breast cancer cell lines. In addition, we also show that the oncogenic characteristics of HPV associated breast cancer are very similar to HPV-associated cervical cancer. Specifically, that putative koilocytes are present in some HPV associated breast cancers.InterpretationThe above observations indicate a likely causal role for high-risk HPV in human breast cancer and offer the possibility of primary prevention of some breast cancers by vaccination against HPV.
| S-EPMC2737128 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection may increase breast cancer (BC) risk.MethodsTo examine this, we used nationwide medical registries to identify all Danish women who underwent conisation to remove HPV-associated cervical precancerous lesions (n=87?782) from 1978 to 2013. We computed the absolute risk of BC and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for breast cancer, based on national breast cancer incidence rates.ResultsConisation was associated with slightly increased BC incidence (SIR=1.1, 95% CI=1.0-1.1), and an absolute BC risk of 7.7% (95% CI=7.3-8.1%) in 35.9 years of follow-up. BC risk was elevated throughout follow-up, especially in the first 5 years (<1 year: SIR=1.2, 95% CI=0.92-1.5; 1-5 years: SIR=1.2, 95% CI=1.1-1.3; ?5 years: SIR=1.1, 95% CI=1.0-1.1). Women who underwent conisation and had autoimmune disease had elevated BC risk after 5 years of follow-up (SIR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0-1.8).ConclusionsBC risk is slightly elevated in women with persistent HPV infection, possibly due to detection bias.
| S-EPMC4997534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:HIV-positive women have higher human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and cervical cancer incidence than HIV-negative women, partly because of HIV's modifying effect on HPV pathogenesis. We synthesized the literature on the impact of HIV on HPV natural history. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS:We searched the literature for studies evaluating HPV acquisition and persistence or precancer progression by HIV status. Data on HPV natural history by HIV status, CD4 cell counts, viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) were summarized using fixed effect models. RESULTS:Overall, 38 of 1845 abstracts identified met inclusion criteria. HIV-positive women had higher HPV acquisition [relative risk (RRpooled) 2.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04-3.42] and lower HPV clearance (hazard ratiopooled 0.72, 95% CI 0.62-0.84) than HIV-negative women. HPV acquisition was higher with declining CD4 cell count and was lower in those virally suppressed on ART. HIV was associated with higher incidence of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL; RRpooled 3.73, 95% CI 2.62-5.32) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL; hazard ratiopooled 1.32, 95% CI 1.10-1.58), largely because of increased HPV persistence. ART lowered progression from normal cytology to LSIL (hazard ratiopooled 0.65, 95% CI 0.52-0.82), but not HSIL. Cervical cancer incidence was associated with HIV positivity (RR 4.1, 95% CI 2.3-6.6), but not with ART. CONCLUSION:HIV-positive women have higher risk of acquiring HPV, with risk inversely associated with CD4 cell count. ART lowered HPV acquisition, increased clearance, and reduced precancer progression, likely via immune reconstitution. Although some of our results are limited by small number of studies, our study can inform screening guidelines and mathematical modeling for cervical cancer prevention.
| S-EPMC5854529 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We sought to conduct a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.The Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register databases were searched using relevant keywords for entries up to May 1, 2017, irrespective of year of publication. The language was restricted to English. Randomized clinical trials and qualitative studies comparing PDT and placebo for CIN or HPV-positive patients were included. We assessed the evidence quality using a risk of bias graph in RevMan V5.3 and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation scoring system.Of the 168 studies identified, only 4 RCTs met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. In all, 292 and 141 patients received PDT or placebo, respectively. PDT significantly increased the complete remission rate (CRR) among those with CIN (odds ratio [OR]: 2.51 [1.23-5.12]; P = .01) and HPV infection (OR: 3.82 [1.91-7.65]; P = .0002). The adverse events rate (AER) for PDT was greater than that for placebo (OR: 13.32 [4.44, 40.02]; P < .00001). The overall evidence quality was very low. Similarly, in a systematic review including 21 qualitative records, the CRRs for CIN patients with PDT and cervical HPV infection patients with PDT were 82.0% and 77.5%, respectively. The AER for PDT was 31.6%, which was lower than that observed in our meta-analysis (74.6%).PDT that targets CIN or cervical HPV infection improves the CRR, but slightly compromises safety. Further studies are necessary to identify the most effective and least toxic photosensitizer.
| S-EPMC6392907 | biostudies-other
Project description:Predictions of cervical cancer burden and the impact of measures taken to control this cancer are usually data-demanding and based on complex assumptions. We propose a predictive method (called PANDORA) based on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence, measured 1993-2008, and cervical cancer incidence (CCI), measured 1993-2012, in the same birth cohorts from different worldwide locations, informed by data on age at detection of high-risk HPV and sexual debut. The model can predict CCI among high-risk HPV-positive women and predict CCI up to 14 years following high-risk HPV detection. We found CCI to increase during the 14 years following high-risk HPV detection in unscreened women aged <35 years but to remain mainly constant among women ≥35 years. Age at sexual debut was a significant modifier of CCI. Using our model, we accurately reproduced CCI among high-risk HPV-positive women as observed in cohort studies and in the general population of multiple countries. We also predicted the annual number of cervical cancer cases and CCI in locations with HPV prevalence data but no cancer registry. These findings could inform cervical cancer control programs in settings without cancer registries, as they can be used to predict future cervical cancer burden from population-based surveys of HPV prevalence.
| S-EPMC8895389 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses known to be the primary cause of cervical cancer. In addition, evidence has now established their role in non-melanoma skin cancers, head and neck cancer (HNC), and the development of other anogenital malignancies. The prevalence of HPV-related HNC, in particular oropharyngeal cancers, is rapidly increasing, foreseeing that HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers will outnumber uterine cervical cancers in the next 15?20 years. Therefore, despite the successful advent of vaccines originally licensed for cervical cancer prevention, HPV burden is still very high, and a better understanding of HPV biology is urgently needed. Autophagy is the physiological cellular route that accounts for removal, degradation, and recycling of damaged organelles, proteins, and lipids in lysosomal vacuoles. In addition to this scavenger function, autophagy plays a fundamental role during viral infections and cancers and is, therefore, frequently exploited by viruses to their own benefit. Recently, a link between HPV and autophagy has clearly emerged, leading to the conceivable development of novel anti-viral strategies aimed at restraining HPV infectivity. Here, recent findings on how oncogenic HPV16 usurp autophagy are described, highlighting similarities and differences with mechanisms adopted by other oncoviruses.
| S-EPMC6032050 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHuman papilloma viruses (HPVs) may act early in breast oncogenesis ("hit-and-run" phenomena).MethodsThe authors used immunohistochemistry for the identification of HPV E7 oncogenic protein expression in 32 sets of benign and subsequent breast cancer specimens from the same Australian patients.ResultsHPV E7 oncoprotein was clearly expressed in the nuclei of 23 (72%) of the 32 benign specimens and 20 (62.5%) of the subsequent 32 breast cancer specimens in the same patients. There was no HPV E7 protein expression in seven (30%) of the 23 breast cancer specimens that had prior HPV E7 protein-positive benign breast biopsies in the same patients.ConclusionsThis observation suggests that HPV oncogenic influences occur early in some breast cancers. This finding confirms the previous observations. This early influence of HPVs may be the reason why there is no increase in the prevalence of HPV-associated breast cancer in immunocompromised patients as compared to HPV-associated cervical cancer.
| S-EPMC4676430 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Breast cancer (BC) is frequent among women in worldwide as well as in India. Several studies have reported a wide variation (1.6-86.2%) in the frequency of incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in BC with high prevalence of high risk HPV16 subtype. HPV infection in breast can occur through different routes like body fluid or by micro-lesion of breast skin from genital/agential sites, though the actual mode of HPV transmission is not yet known in details. Frequent integration and sequence variation with low copy number of HPV16 were seen in this tumour. In addition, high frequencies of methylation in p97 promoter region of HPV16 were evident in this tumour. Novel splice variants of E6/E7 along with other common variants and their protein expression were seen in the tumour. This indicates the importance of HPV in this tumor, its early diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, HPV may be targeted through vaccination to control the disease. However, detailed analysis of HPV associated molecular pathogenesis of BC is warranted for proper therapeutic intervention.
| S-EPMC7290605 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Systemic inflammatory events and localized disease, mediated by the microbiome, may be measured in saliva as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnostic and prognostic biomonitors. We used a 16S rRNA V3-V5 marker gene approach to compare the saliva microbiome in DNA isolated from Oropharyngeal (OPSCC), Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OCSCC) patients and normal epithelium controls, to characterize the HNSCC saliva microbiota and examine their abundance before and after surgical resection.The analyses identified a predominance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, with less frequent presence of Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria before surgery. At lower taxonomic levels, the most abundant genera were Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus and Veillonella, with lower numbers of Citrobacter and Neisseraceae genus Kingella. HNSCC patients had a significant loss in richness and diversity of microbiota species (p<0.05) compared to the controls. Overall, the Operational Taxonomic Units network shows that the relative abundance of OTU's within genus Streptococcus, Dialister, and Veillonella can be used to discriminate tumor from control samples (p<0.05). Tumor samples lost Neisseria, Aggregatibacter (Proteobacteria), Haemophillus (Firmicutes) and Leptotrichia (Fusobacteria). Paired taxa within family Enterobacteriaceae, together with genus Oribacterium, distinguish OCSCC samples from OPSCC and normal samples (p<0.05). Similarly, only HPV positive samples have an abundance of genus Gemellaceae and Leuconostoc (p<0.05). Longitudinal analyses of samples taken before and after surgery, revealed a reduction in the alpha diversity measure after surgery, together with an increase of this measure in patients that recurred (p<0.05). These results suggest that microbiota may be used as HNSCC diagnostic and prognostic biomonitors.
| S-EPMC5239478 | biostudies-literature