Pulmonary Embolism and Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis in a Young Male Patient after mRNA-1273 (Moderna) Immunization: A Case Report.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ahn EY
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9537662 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Pulmonary Embolism and Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis in a Young Male Patient after mRNA-1273 (Moderna) Immunization: A Case Report.
Ahn Eui Young EY Choi Hayoung H Sim Yun Su YS Shin Tae Rim TR Kim Taeehee T
Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 20220713 4
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Project description:Patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) filters - particularly permanent filters - are at increased risk for recurrent deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Judicious use of IVC filters, as well as the prompt retrieval of temporary IVC filters, substantially reduces the risk of IVC thrombosis.
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Project description:BackgroundInferior vena cava thrombosis is a rare blunt abdominal trauma complication often associated with severe liver injury. We present two cases of inferior vena cava thrombosis due to mild liver injuries.Case presentationCase 1 was a 25-year-old woman taking oral contraceptives for dysmenorrhea who was injured in a motorcycle accident. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed hepatic contusion of the sixth segment. At 1 week after the accident, inferior vena cava thrombosis was detected. Case 2 was a 58-year-old man injured in a motorcycle accident. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, right hemothorax, and liver injury with hepatic contusion of the sixth segment. At 1 week after the accident, inferior vena cava thrombosis was observed.ConclusionInferior vena cava thrombosis can occur following liver injury, regardless of damage severity. When there are thrombogenic factors and damage near the inferior vena cava, follow-up examinations should be carried out.
| S-EPMC8448584 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an alternative to anticoagulation when the latter is contraindicated. The use of IVC filter in pediatrics continues to be rare and has not increased despite the ever-increasing rates of childhood VTE. Historically, septic VTE was regarded as a contraindication to IVC filter. Safety and efficacy of IVC filters in septic VTE have been reported in adult patients but not in pediatric patients. In this study, we reported a safe use of IVC filter in a critically ill 12-year-old patient with a large IVC thrombus and multiple pulmonary embolisms with favorable outcome.
| S-EPMC7870330 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Previous observational studies suggest that inferior vena cava filter placement in pulmonary embolism patients complicated with congestive heart failure, mechanical ventilation, and shock may have a mortality benefit. We sought to analyze the survival benefits of inferior vena cava filter in pulmonary embolism patients complicated with acute myocardial infarction, acute respiratory failure, shock, or requiring treatment with thrombolytics. Methods: This retrospective observational study used hospital discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample Data (NIS). ICD-9-CM coding was used to identify complicated pulmonary embolism patients (N = 254,465) in NIS from 2002 to 2014, including the subgroups of acute myocardial infarction, acute respiratory failure, shock, and thrombolytics. Inferior vena cava filter recipients were 1:1 propensity score-matched on age, sex, race, deep vein thrombosis, Elixhauser comorbidities, and other pulmonary embolism comorbidities (45 covariates) to non-inferior vena cava filter recipients in complicated pulmonary embolism patients and separately in each subgroup. Clinical outcomes were compared between the inferior vena cava filter group and the non-inferior vena cava filter group. Results: Mortality rate in complicated pulmonary embolism patients with inferior vena cava filter placement was lower (20.9% vs. 33%; NNT = 8.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.91-8.69, E-value = 2.53) and in the subgroups; acute myocardial infarction (17.9% vs. 30.1%; NNT = 8.19, 95% CI 7.52-8.92, E-value = 2.76), acute respiratory failure (19.5% vs. 29.7%; NNT = 9.76, 95% CI 8.67-11.16, E-value = 2.38), shock (30.7% vs. 47.1%; NNT = 6.08, 95% CI 5.73-6.47, E-value = 2.43), and with the use of thrombolytics (7% vs. 12.9 %; NNT 17.1, 95% CI 14.88-20.12, E-value = 3.01) (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: Inferior vena cava filter placement in pulmonary embolism complicated with acute myocardial infarction, acute respiratory failure, shock, or requiring thrombolytic therapy was associated with reduced mortality.
| S-EPMC6868584 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6439424 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) is a rare complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs. The etiology of IVC thrombosis can be divided into genetic versus nongenetic (environmental/acquired) etiological factors found in Virchow's triad of stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a rare risk factor for venous thromboembolism and atherosclerotic disease. Hence, very few cases have been described to date to knowledge. A case of a 78-year-old hypertensive man who presented with hyperhomocysteinemia-induced DVT of the left leg extending toward an anatomically normal IVC is discussed in the report.
| S-EPMC9675373 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInferior vena cava (IVC) filters are widely used for prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE). However, uncertainty persists about their efficacy and safety.ObjectivesThe authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published reports on the efficacy and safety of IVC filters.MethodsThe authors searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov through October 3, 2016, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective controlled observational studies of IVC filters versus none in patients at risk of PE. Inverse variance fixed-effects models with odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure were used for primary analyses. Main outcomes included subsequent PE, PE-related mortality, all-cause mortality, and subsequent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).ResultsThe authors' search retrieved 1,986 studies, of which 11 met criteria for inclusion (6 RCTs and 5 prospective observational studies). Quality of evidence for RCTs was low to moderate. Overall, patients receiving IVC filters had lower risk for subsequent PE (OR: 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33 to 0.75); increased risk for DVT (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.48); nonsignificantly lower PE-related mortality (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.25 to 1.05); and no change in all-cause mortality (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.19). Limiting the results to RCTs showed similar results. Findings were substantively similar across a wide range of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsVery few prospective controlled studies, with limited quality of evidence, exist regarding the efficacy and safety of IVC filters. Overall, filters appear to reduce the risk of subsequent PE, increase the risk for DVT, and have no significant effect on overall mortality.
| S-EPMC8412839 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accompanied by a tumor thrombus is very common. However, the treatment strategy is controversial and varies by the location of the thrombus.Case summaryWe report herein a case of HCC with a tumor thrombus in the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), which was successfully treated by hepatectomy combined with thrombectomy following sorafenib chemotherapy. A 47-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis was diagnosed with HCC. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor lesion was located in the right half of the liver, and a tumor thrombus was detected in the suprahepatic IVC near the right atrium. After multi-departmental discussion and patient informed consent, right major hepatectomy and total removal of the tumor thrombus were successfully performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no serious complications after surgery. Following sorafenib treatment, no recurrence has been detected so far (11 mo later).ConclusionSurgical treatment followed by adjuvant sorafenib therapy might be an acceptable choice for HCC patients with tumor thrombosis in the IVC.
| S-EPMC8717523 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceVenous thromboembolism is the second overall leading cause of death for patients with cancer, and there is an approximately 2-fold increase in fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with cancer. Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are designed to prevent PE, but defining the appropriate use of IVC filters in patients with cancer remains a substantial unmet clinical need.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of IVC filters with the development of PE in patients with cancer and deep venous thrombosis (DVT).Design, setting, and participantsA population-based cohort study was conducted using administrative data on 88 585 patients from the state inpatient databases for California (2005-2011) and Florida (2005-2014). Based on diagnostic and procedure codes, patients with cancer and acute lower extremity DVT were identified. All subsequent hospital visits for these patients were evaluated for the placement of an IVC filter, the development of new PE, the development of new DVT, and in-hospital mortality. Data analysis was performed from September 1 to December 1, 2019.ExposuresPlacement of an IVC filter.Main outcomes and measuresThe association of IVC filter placement with rates of new PE and DVT was estimated using a propensity score matching algorithm and competing risk analysis.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 88 585 patients (45 074 male; median age, 71.0 years [range, 1.0-104.0 years]) with malignant neoplasms who presented to a health care institution with a diagnosis of acute lower extremity DVT. Of these patients, 33 740 (38.1%) underwent IVC filter placement; patients with risk factors such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.29-1.37), intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.19-1.24), and coagulopathy (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.08-1.10) were more likely to receive an IVC filter. A total of 4492 patients (5.1%) developed a new PE after their initial DVT diagnosis. There was a significant improvement in PE-free survival for these patients compared with those who did not receive IVC filters across the full, unbalanced study cohort as well as after propensity score matching and competing risk analysis (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.64-0.75; P < .001). Furthermore, IVC filter placement reduced the development of PE in patients with very high-risk malignant neoplasms (eg, pancreaticobiliary cancer), high-risk malignant neoplasms (eg, lung cancer), and low-risk malignant neoplasms (eg, prostate cancer). After accounting for anticoagulation use and imbalanced risk factors, IVC filter placement did not increase the risk of new DVT development.Conclusions and relevanceThis study suggests that, for patients with cancer and DVT and bleeding risk factors, IVC filter placement is associated with an increased rate of PE-free survival.
| S-EPMC7378756 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) remains an important method for treating upper urinary calculi. However, bleeding and peripheral vascular injury are serious complications of PCNL. Injury of the inferior vena cava accompanied by secondary thrombosis has rarely been reported clinically. We treated a patient who experienced bleeding during PCNL to establish a channel. A catheter was used to make a renal fistula, and the inferior vena cava was implanted. The wound was fixed and compressed by balloon injection, and secondary thrombosis and repeated infection occurred after the operation. A filter was then placed, the water balloon was released, and the fistula was removed. The anti-bacterial and anticoagulant filter was removed. This major complication was successfully managed. In our patient, during PCNL, the renal fistula entered the inferior vena cava by mistake. If this issue cannot be treated in time, it can easily lead to the formation of secondary thrombosis. A fistula can be extracted through an inferior vena cava filter, and anticoagulant treatment and other conservative treatment regimens can be used to treat patients in this situation. These treatments avoid the possibility of further damage from open surgery.
| S-EPMC8647260 | biostudies-literature