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Heating influence on hierarchical structures fabricated by direct laser interference patterning.

ABSTRACT: The combination of direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) enables the fabrication of functional surfaces reported for a wide spectrum of materials. The process throughput is usually increased by applying higher average laser powers. However, this causes heat accumulation impacting the roughness and shape of produced surface patterns. Consequently, the effect of substrate temperature on the topography of fabricated features requires detailed investigations. In this study, steel surfaces were structured with line-like patterns by ps-DLIP at 532 nm. To investigate the influence of substrate temperature on the resulting topography, a heating plate was used to adjust the temperature. Heating to 250 [Formula: see text]C led to a significant reduction of the produced structure depths, from 2.33 to 1.06 µm. The reduction is associated with the appearance of a different LIPSS type, depending on the grain orientation of the substrates and laser-induced superficial oxidation. This study revealed a strong effect of substrate temperature, which is also to be expected when heat accumulation effects arise from processing surfaces at high average laser power.

SUBMITTER: Schroder N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9588078 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heating influence on hierarchical structures fabricated by direct laser interference patterning.

Schröder Nikolai N Nyenhuis Fabian F Baumann Robert R Mulko Lucinda L Kiedrowski Thomas T L'huillier Johannes Albert JA Lasagni Andrés Fabián AF

Scientific reports 20221022 1

The combination of direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) enables the fabrication of functional surfaces reported for a wide spectrum of materials. The process throughput is usually increased by applying higher average laser powers. However, this causes heat accumulation impacting the roughness and shape of produced surface patterns. Consequently, the effect of substrate temperature on the topography of fabricated features requires deta ...[more]

PMID: 36273021

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Project description:The nucleation of bubbles on solid surfaces is an important phenomenon in nature and technological processes like electrolysis. During proton-exchange membrane electrolysis, the nucleation and separation of the electrically nonconductive oxygen in the anodic cycle plays a crucial role to minimize the overpotential it causes in the system. This increases the efficiency of the process, making renewable energy sources and the "power-to-gas" strategy more viable. A promising approach is to optimize gas separation by surface functionalization in order to apply a more advantageous interface to industrial materials. In this work, the connection between the wettability and bubble nucleation of oxygen is investigated. For tailoring the wettability of Ti64 substrates, the direct laser interference patterning method is applied. A laser source with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a pulse duration of 12 ps is used to generate periodic pillar-like structures with different depths up to ∼5 μm. The resulting surface properties are characterized by water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and X-ray photon spectroscopy. It was possible to generate structures with a water contact angle ranging from 20° up to nearly superhydrophobic conditions. The different wettabilities are validated based on X-ray photon spectroscopy and the different elemental composition of the samples. The results indicate that the surface character of the substrate adapts depending on the surrounding media and needs more time to reach a steady state for deeper structures. A custom setup is used to expose the functionalized surfaces to oxygen-oversaturated solutions. It is shown that a higher hydrophobicity of the structured surface yields a stronger interaction with the dissolved gas. This significantly enhances the oxygen nucleation up to nearly 350% by generating approximately 20 times more nucleation spots, but also smaller bubble sizes and a reduced detachment rate.

Dataset Information

Heating influence on hierarchical structures fabricated by direct laser interference patterning.

Publications

Heating influence on hierarchical structures fabricated by direct laser interference patterning.

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