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Possible Mpox Protection from Smallpox Vaccine-Generated Antibodies among Older Adults.

ABSTRACT: Smallpox vaccination may confer cross-protection to mpox. We evaluated vaccinia virus antibodies in 162 persons ≥50 years of age in Spain; 68.5% had detectable antibodies. Highest coverage (78%) was among persons 71-80 years of age. Low antibody levels in 31.5% of this population indicates that addressing their vaccination should be a priority.

SUBMITTER: Sanz-Munoz I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9973709 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Possible Mpox Protection from Smallpox Vaccine-Generated Antibodies among Older Adults.

Sanz-Muñoz Iván I Sánchez-dePrada Laura L Sánchez-Martínez Javier J Rojo-Rello Silvia S Domínguez-Gil Marta M Hernán-García Cristina C Fernández-Espinilla Virginia V de Lejarazu-Leonardo Raúl Ortiz RO Castrodeza-Sanz Javier J Eiros José María JM

Emerging infectious diseases 20230202 3

Smallpox vaccination may confer cross-protection to mpox. We evaluated vaccinia virus antibodies in 162 persons ≥50 years of age in Spain; 68.5% had detectable antibodies. Highest coverage (78%) was among persons 71-80 years of age. Low antibody levels in 31.5% of this population indicates that addressing their vaccination should be a priority. ...[more]

PMID: 36732061

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Project description:Age-related changes in T-cell function are associated with a loss of influenza vaccine efficacy in older adults. Both antibody and cell-mediated immunity plays a prominent role in protecting older adults, particularly against the serious complications of influenza. High dose (HD) influenza vaccines induce higher antibody titers in older adults compared to standard dose (SD) vaccines, yet its impact on T-cell memory is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody and T-cell responses in older adults randomized to receive HD or SD influenza vaccine as well as determine whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus affects the response to vaccination, and identify differences in the response to vaccination in those older adults who subsequently have an influenza infection. Older adults (≥65years) were enrolled (n=106) and randomized to receive SD or HD influenza vaccine. Blood was collected pre-vaccination, followed by 4, 10 and 20weeks post-vaccination. Serum antibody titers, as well as levels of inducible granzyme B (iGrB) and cytokines were measured in PBMCs challenged ex vivo with live influenza virus. Surveillance conducted during the influenza season identified those with laboratory confirmed influenza illness or infection. HD influenza vaccination induced a high antibody titer and IL-10 response, and a short-lived increase in Th1 responses (IFN-γ and iGrB) compared to SD vaccination in PBMCs challenged ex vivo with live influenza virus. Of the older adults who became infected with influenza, a high IL-10 and iGrB response in virus-challenged cells was observed post-infection (week 10 to 20), as well as IFN-γ and TNF-α at week 20. Additionally, CMV seropositive older adults had an impaired iGrB response to influenza virus-challenge, regardless of vaccine dose. This study illustrates that HD influenza vaccines have little impact on the development of functional T-cell memory in older adults. Furthermore, poor outcomes of influenza infection in older adults may be due to a strong IL-10 response to influenza following vaccination, and persistent CMV infection.

Dataset Information

Possible Mpox Protection from Smallpox Vaccine-Generated Antibodies among Older Adults.

Publications

Possible Mpox Protection from Smallpox Vaccine-Generated Antibodies among Older Adults.

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