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Human ESC-based modeling of pediatric gliomas by K27M mutation in histone H3.3 variant

ABSTRACT: Human diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are an aggressive form of pediatric brain tumors that arise in the pons in young children thus resulting in significant morbidity and very poor survival. Recent data suggest that mutations in the histone H3.3 variant are often found in these tumors, though the mechanism of their contribution to oncogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here we report that the combination of constitutive PDGFRA activation and p53 suppression as well as expression of the K27M mutant form of the histone H3.3 variant leads to neoplastic transformation of hPSC-derived neural precursors. Our study demonstrates that human ES cells represent an excellent platform for the modeling of human tumors in vitro and in vivo, which could potentially lead to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying neoplastic transformation and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Human ES cells were differentiated to NPCs and lentivirally transduced with a combination of constitutively active PDGFRA (D842V), sh-p53, and WT or K27M mutant form of histone H3.3 variant.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Funato K

PROVIDER: S-ECPF-GEOD-55541 | biostudies-other | 2014 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Human ESC-based modeling of pediatric gliomas by K27M mutation in histone H3.3 variant

Project description:Human diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are an aggressive form of pediatric brain tumors that arise in the pons in young children thus resulting in significant morbidity and very poor survival. Recent data suggest that mutations in the histone H3.3 variant are often found in these tumors, though the mechanism of their contribution to oncogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here we report that the combination of constitutive PDGFRA activation and p53 suppression as well as expression of the K27M mutant form of the histone H3.3 variant leads to neoplastic transformation of hPSC-derived neural precursors. Our study demonstrates that human ES cells represent an excellent platform for the modeling of human tumors in vitro and in vivo, which could potentially lead to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying neoplastic transformation and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Human ES cells were differentiated to NPCs and lentivirally transduced with a combination of constitutively active PDGFRA (D842V), sh-p53, and WT or K27M mutant form of histone H3.3 variant.

2014-11-21 | E-GEOD-55541 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Human ESC-based modeling of pediatric gliomas by K27M mutation in histone H3.3 variant

2014-11-21 | GSE55541 | GEO

K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.

Project description:Pediatric glioblastomas (GBM) including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are devastating brain tumors with no effective therapy. Here, we investigated clinical and biological impacts of histone H3.3 mutations. Forty-two DIPGs were tested for H3.3 mutations. Wild-type versus mutated (K27M-H3.3) subgroups were compared for HIST1H3B, IDH, ATRX and TP53 mutations, copy number alterations and clinical outcome. K27M-H3.3 occurred in 71 %, TP53 mutations in 77 % and ATRX mutations in 9 % of DIPGs. ATRX mutations were more frequent in older children (p < 0.0001). No G34V/R-H3.3, IDH1/2 or H3.1 mutations were identified. K27M-H3.3 DIPGs showed specific copy number changes, including all gains/amplifications of PDGFRA and MYC/PVT1 loci. Notably, all long-term survivors were H3.3 wild type and this group of patients had better overall survival. K27M-H3.3 mutation defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups and is prevalent in DIPG, which will impact future therapeutic trial design. K27M- and G34V-H3.3 have location-based incidence (brainstem/cortex) and potentially play distinct roles in pediatric GBM pathogenesis. K27M-H3.3 is universally associated with short survival in DIPG, while patients wild-type for H3.3 show improved survival. Based on prognostic and therapeutic implications, our findings argue for H3.3-mutation testing at diagnosis, which should be rapidly integrated into the clinical decision-making algorithm, particularly in atypical DIPG.

| S-EPMC3422615 | biostudies-literature

Histone H3K27M Mutation Overrides Histological Grading in Pediatric Gliomas.

Project description:Pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG) are rare aggressive tumors that present a prognostic and therapeutic challenge. Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant is a new entity introduced to HGG in the latest WHO classification. In this study we evaluated the presence of H3K27M mutation in 105 tumor samples histologically classified into low-grade gliomas (LGG) (n?=?45), and HGG (n?=?60). Samples were screened for the mutation in histone H3.3 and H3.1 variants to examine its prevalence, prognostic impact, and assess its potential clinical value in limited resource settings. H3K27M mutation was detected in 28 of 105 (26.7%) samples, and its distribution was significantly associated with midline locations (p-value?<?0.0001) and HGG (p-value?=?0.003). Overall and event- free survival (OS and EFS, respectively) of patients with mutant tumors did not differ significantly, neither according to histologic grade (OS p-value?=?0.736, EFS p-value?=?0.75) nor across anatomical sites (OS p-value?=?0.068, EFS p-value?=?0.153). Detection of H3K27M mutation in pediatric gliomas provides more precise risk stratification compared to traditional histopathological techniques. Hence, mutation detection should be pursued in all pediatric gliomas. Meanwhile, focusing on midline LGG can be an alternative in lower-middle-income countries to maximally optimize patients' treatment options.

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Use of human embryonic stem cells to model pediatric gliomas with H3.3K27M histone mutation.

Project description:Over 70% of diffuse intrinsic pediatric gliomas, an aggressive brainstem tumor, harbor heterozygous mutations that create a K27M amino acid substitution (methionine replaces lysine 27) in the tail of histone H3.3. The role of the H3.3K27M mutation in tumorigenesis is not fully understood. Here, we use a human embryonic stem cell system to model this tumor. We show that H3.3K27M expression synergizes with p53 loss and PDGFRA activation in neural progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells, resulting in neoplastic transformation. Genome-wide analyses indicate a resetting of the transformed precursors to a developmentally more primitive stem cell state, with evidence of major modifications of histone marks at several master regulator genes. Drug screening assays identified a compound targeting the protein menin as an inhibitor of tumor cell growth in vitro and in mice.

| S-EPMC4995593 | biostudies-literature

Histone H1 binding is inhibited by histone variant H3.3.

Project description:Linker histones are involved in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and the regulation of specific genes, yet it remains unclear what their principal binding determinants are. We generated a genome-wide high-resolution binding map for linker histone H1 in Drosophila cells, using DamID. H1 binds at similar levels across much of the genome, both in classic euchromatin and heterochromatin. Strikingly, there are pronounced dips of low H1 occupancy around transcription start sites for active genes and at many distant cis-regulatory sites. H1 dips are not due to lack of nucleosomes; rather, all regions with low binding of H1 show enrichment of the histone variant H3.3. Knockdown of H3.3 causes H1 levels to increase at these sites, with a concomitant increase in nucleosome repeat length. These changes are independent of transcriptional changes. Our results show that the H3.3 protein counteracts association of H1, providing a mechanism to keep diverse genomic sites in an open chromatin conformation.

| S-EPMC2790488 | biostudies-literature

The double face of the histone variant H3.3.

Project description:Histone proteins wrap DNA to form nucleosome particles that compact eukaryotic genomes while still allowing access for cellular processes such as transcription, replication and DNA repair. Histones exist as different variants that have evolved crucial roles in specialized functions in addition to their fundamental role in packaging DNA. H3.3--a conserved histone variant that is structurally very close to the canonical histone H3--has been associated with active transcription. Furthermore, its role in histone replacement at active genes and promoters is highly conserved and has been proposed to participate in the epigenetic transmission of active chromatin states. Unexpectedly, recent data have revealed accumulation of this specific variant at silent loci in pericentric heterochromatin and telomeres, raising questions concerning the actual function of H3.3. In this review, we describe the known properties of H3.3 and the current view concerning its incorporation modes involving particular histone chaperones. Finally, we discuss the functional significance of the use of this H3 variant, in particular during germline formation and early development in different species.

| S-EPMC3193428 | biostudies-other

Recognizing methylated histone variant H3.3 to prevent tumors.

Project description:Regulatory information stored in modified histones is functionally translated by effector proteins ('readers'), which identify the histone mark to determine the specificity of the response. A recent study identifying the tumor suppressor protein ZMYND11 as an exclusive reader of methylated histone variant H3.3, throws light on the role of transcription regulation in suppressing tumors.

| S-EPMC4042173 | biostudies-literature

Histone variant H3.3 stimulates HSP70 transcription through cooperation with HP1?.

Project description:Histone variant H3.3 and heterochromatin protein 1? (HP1?) are two functional components of chromatin with role in gene transcription. However, the regulations of their dynamics during transcriptional activation and the molecular mechanisms underlying their actions remain poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that heat shock-induced transcription of the human HSP70 gene is regulated via the coordinated and interdependent action of H3.3 and HP1?. H3.3 and HP1? are rapidly co-enriched at the human HSP70 promoters upon heat shock in a manner that closely parallels the initiation of transcription. Knockdown of H3.3 prevents the stable recruitment of HP1?, inhibits active histone modifications, and attenuates HSP70 promoter activity. Likewise, knockdown of HP1? leads to the decreased levels of H3.3 in the promoter regions and the repression of HSP70 genes. HP1? selectively recognizes particular modification states of H3.3 in the nucleosome for its action. Moreover, HP1? is overexpressed in three representative cancer cell lines, and its knockdown leads to reduction in HSP70 gene transcription and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. We conclude that the physical and functional interactions between H3.3 and HP1? make a unique contribution to acute HSP70 transcription and cancer development related to the misregulation of this transcription event.

| S-EPMC3201866 | biostudies-other

Histone H3.3. mutations drive pediatric glioblastoma through upregulation of MYCN.

Project description:UNLABELLED:Children and young adults with glioblastoma (GBM) have a median survival rate of only 12 to 15 months, and these GBMs are clinically and biologically distinct from histologically similar cancers in older adults. They are defined by highly specific mutations in the gene encoding the histone H3.3 variant H3F3A , occurring either at or close to key residues marked by methylation for regulation of transcription—K27 and G34. Here, we show that the cerebral hemisphere-specific G34 mutation drives a distinct expression signature through differential genomic binding of the K36 trimethylation mark (H3K36me3). The transcriptional program induced recapitulates that of the developing forebrain, and involves numerous markers of stem-cell maintenance, cell-fate decisions, and self-renewal.Critically, H3F3A G34 mutations cause profound upregulation of MYCN , a potent oncogene that is causative of GBMs when expressed in the correct developmental context. This driving aberration is selectively targetable in this patient population through inhibiting kinases responsible for stabilization of the protein. SIGNIFICANCE:We provide the mechanistic explanation for how the fi rst histone gene mutation inhuman disease biology acts to deliver MYCN, a potent tumorigenic initiator, into a stem-cell compartment of the developing forebrain, selectively giving rise to incurable cerebral hemispheric GBM. Using synthetic lethal approaches to these mutant tumor cells provides a rational way to develop novel and highly selective treatment strategies

| S-EPMC3763966 | biostudies-literature

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