Dataset Information

Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and localization of the gene to the p13.2-q12 region of human chromosome 19 [corrected].

ABSTRACT: We have isolated from a human T-cell Jurkat cDNA library a novel human cDNA (2EL) that is closely related to the human type-IV PDE splice variant family 'A' (PDE-IVA) cDNA characterized previously by us [Sullivan, Egerton, Shakur, Marquardsen and Houslay (1994) Cell. Signalling 6, 793-812]; (h6.1, PDE-IVA/h6.1; HSPDE4A7). (PDE stands for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase). The novel cDNA 2EL (PDE-IVA/2EL; HSPDE4A8) contains two regions of unique sequence not found in PDE-IVA/h6.1. These are a distinct 5'-end and a 34 bp insert which occurs within a domain thought to encode the type-IV PDE catalytic site and which can be expected to result in premature truncation of any expressed protein. HSPDE4A8 appeared to be catalytically inactive. Isolation and characterization of a human genomic cosmid clone revealed that 2EL and h6.1 represent alternative splice variants of the human PDE-IVA gene. Using a unique sequence found at the 5'-end of the 2EL cDNA, a probe was generated which was used to screen the DNA of human-hamster hybrids. This located the human gene for PDE-IVA to human chromosome 19. Through both the analysis of genomic DNAs from a human-hamster somatic cell hybrid panel and also using fluorescent in situ hybridization, it was shown that the human PDE-IVA gene is located on human chromosome 19, between p13.2 [corrected] and q12. This region on chromosome 19 has been shown to be related to genetic diseases such as the autosomal dominant cerebrovascular disease CADASIL, susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's disease and changes seen in benign pituitary and thyroid adenomas.

SUBMITTER: Horton YM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1136980 | biostudies-other | 1995 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:In order to detect the two splice variant forms of type-IVB cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, DPD (type-IVB1) and PDE-4 (type-IVB2), anti-peptide antisera were generated. One set ('DPD/PDE-4-common'), generated against a peptide sequence found at the common C-terminus of these two PDEs, detected both PDEs. A second set was PDE-4 specific, being directed against a peptide sequence found within the unique N-terminal region of PDE-4. In brain, DPD was found exclusively in the cytosol and PDE-4 exclusively associated with membranes. Both brain DPD and PDE-4 activities, isolated by immunoprecipitation, were cyclic AMP-specific (KmcyclicAMP: approximately 5 microM for DPD; approximately 4 microM for PDE-4) and were inhibited by low rolipram concentrations (K1rolipram approximately 1 microM for both). Transient expression of DPD in COS-1 cells allowed identification of an approx. 64 kDa species which co-migrated on SDS/PAGE with the immunoreactive species identified in both brain cytosol and membrane fractions using the DPD/PDE-4-common antisera. The subunit size observed for PDE-4 (approx. 64 kDa) in brain membranes was similar to that predicted from the cDNA sequence, but that observed for DPD was approx. 4 kDa greater. Type-IV, rolipram-inhibited PDE activity was found in all brain regions except the pituitary, where it formed between 30 and 70% of the PDE activity in membrane and cytosolic fractions when assayed with 1 microM cyclic AMP, PDE-4 formed 40-50% of the membrane type-IV activity in all brain regions save the midbrain (approx. 20%). DPD distribution was highly restricted to certain regions, providing approx. 35% of the type-IV cytosolic activity in hippocampus and 13-21% in cortex, hypothalamus and striatum with no presence in brain stem, cerebellum, midbrain and pituitary. The combined type-IVB PDE activities of DPD and PDE-4 contributed approx. 10% of the total PDE activity in most brain regions except for the pituitary (zero) and the mid-brain (approx. 3%. The isolated cDNAs for DPD and PDE-4 appear to reflect transcription products which are expressed in vivo in brain. The unique N-terminal domain of PDE-4 is suggested to target this PDE to membranes in brain. Type-IVB PDEs are differentially expressed in various brain regions, indicating that there are tissue-specific controls on both the expression of the gene and the splicing of its products.

Project description:COS-7 cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding a putative splice variant of PDE4A cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase, RPDE-6 (RNPDE4A5). This led to the expression of a novel, cyclic AMP-specific, rolipram-inhibited phosphodiesterase activity. In such transfected cells a novel approximately 109 kDa species was recognized by anti-peptide sera raised against a dodecapeptide whose sequence is found at the extreme C-terminus of both RPDE-6 and another PDE4A splice variant. RD1 (RNPDE4A1A). RPDE-6 activity and immunoreactivity was found distributed between both pellet (approximately 25%) and cytosol (approximately 75%) fractions of transfected COS-7 cells. Soluble and pellet RPDE-6 activities exhibited similar low Km values for cyclic AMP (approximately 2.4 microM) and were both inhibited by low concentrations of rolipram, with IC50 values for the soluble activity being lower (approximately 0.16 microM) than for the pellet activity (approximately 1.2 microM). Pellet RPDE-6 was resistant to release by either high NaCl concentrations or the detergent Triton X-100. Probing brain homogenates with the anti-(C-terminal peptide) sera identified two immunoreactive species, namely an approximately 79 kDa species reflecting RD1 and an approximately 109 kDa species that co-migrated with the immunoreactive species seen in COS cells transfected to express RPDE-6. The approximately 109 kDa species was found distributed between both the low-speed (P1) and high-speed (P2) pellet fractions as well as the cytosol fractions derived from both brain and RPDE-6-transfected COS cells. In contrast, RD1 was found exclusively in the P2 fraction. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity immuno-precipitated by these antisera from brain cytosol had the characteristics of COS cell-expressed RPDE-6 with KmcyclicAMP approximately 3.7 microM and IC50rolipram approximately 0.12 microM. The distribution of PDE activity immunoprecipitated from the cytosol of various brain regions paralleled that seen for the distribution of the approximately 109 kDa immunoreactive species. It is suggested that the 109 kDa species identified in brain cytosol and pellet fractions is the native form of RPDE-6. The PDE4A splice variants, RD1 and RPDE-6, were shown to have distinct patterns of expression among various brain regions. PDE4A and PDE4B activities appear to provide the major source of PDE4 activity in brain membranes, whereas the cytosolic PDE4 activity is suggested to reflect predominantly the activity of the PDE4D family. Alternative splicing of the PDE4A gene confers distinct N-terminal domains on RPDE-6 and RD1, which attenuates the Vmax. of these enzymes and defines their distinct subcellular distribution pattern.

Project description:The cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 and PDE4 isoforms provide the major cAMP-hydrolysing PDE activities in Jurkat T-cells, with additional contributions from the PDE1 and PDE2 isoforms. Challenge of cells with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin led to a rapid, albeit transient, increase in PDE3 activity occurring over the first 45 min, followed by a sustained increase in PDE3 activity which began after approximately 3 h and continued for at least 24 h. Only this second phase of increase in PDE3 activity was blocked by the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D. After approximately 3 h of exposure to forskolin, PDE4 activity had increased, via a process that could be inhibited by actinomycin D, and it remained elevated for at least a 24 h period. Such actions of forskolin were mimicked by cholera toxin and 8-bromo-cAMP. Forskolin increased intracellular cAMP concentrations in a time-dependent fashion and its action was enhanced when PDE induction was blocked with actinomycin D. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis, using generic primers designed to detect transcripts representing enzymically active products of the four PDE4 genes, identified transcripts for PDE4A and PDE4D but not for PDE4B or PDE4C in untreated Jurkat T-cells. Forskolin treatment did not induce transcripts for either PDE4B or PDE4C; however, it reduced the RT-PCR signal for PDE4A transcripts and markedly enhanced that for PDE4D transcripts. Using RT-PCR primers for PDE4 splice variants, a weak signal for PDE4D1 was evident in control cells whereas, in forskolin-treated cells, clear signals for both PDE4D1 and PDE4D2 were detected. RT-PCR analysis of the PDE4A species indicated that it was not the PDE4A isoform PDE-46 (PDE4A4B). Immunoblotting of control cells for PDE4 forms identified a single PDE4A species of approximately 118 kDa, which migrated distinctly from the PDE4A4B isoform PDE-46, with immunoprecipitation analyses showing that it provided all of the PDE4 activity in control cells. Forskolin treatment led to a marked decrease of this novel PDE4A species and allowed the detection of a strong signal for an approximately 67 kDa PDE4D species, suggested to be PDE4D1, but did not induce PDE4B and PDE4C isoforms. Elevation of intracellular cAMP concentrations in Jurkat T-cells thus exerts a highly selective effect on the transcriptional activity of the genes encoding the various PDE4 isoforms. This leads to the down-regulation of a novel PDE4A splice variant and the induction of PDE4D1 and PDE4D2 splice variants, leading to a net increase in the total PDE4 activity of Jurkat T-cells.

Project description:An antiserum was generated against a dodecapeptide whose sequence is found at the C-terminus of a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, type-IVA phosphodiesterase encoded by the rat 'dunc-like' cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (RD1) cDNA. This antiserum identified a single approximately 73 kDa protein species upon immunoblotting of cerebellum homogenates. This species co-migrated upon SDS/PAGE with a single immunoreactive species observed in COS cells transfected with the cDNA for RD1. Native RD1 in cerebellum was found to be predominantly (approximately 93%) membrane-associated and could be found in isolated synaptosome populations, in particular those enriched in post-synaptic densities. Fractionation of lysed synaptosomes on sucrose density gradients identified RD1 as co-migrating with the plasma membrane marker 5'-nucleotidase. Laser scanning confocal and digital deconvolution immunofluorescence studies done on intact COS cells transfected with RD1 cDNA showed RD1 to be predominantly localized to plasma membranes but also associated with the Golgi apparatus and intracellular vesicles. RD1-specific antisera immunoprecipitated phosphodiesterase activity from solubilized cerebellum membranes. This activity had the characteristics expected of the type-IV cAMP phosphodiesterase RD1 in that it was cAMP specific, exhibited a low Km cAMP of 2.3 microM, high sensitivity to inhibition by 4-[3-(cyclopentoxyl)-4-methoxyphenyl]-2-pyrrolidone (rolipram) (Ki approximately 0.7 microM) and was unaffected by Ca2+/calmodulin and low concentrations of cyclic GMP. The phosphodiesterase activities of RD1 solubilized from both cerebellum and transfected COS cell membranes showed identical first-order thermal denaturation kinetics at 50 degrees C. Native RD1 from cerebellum was shown to be an integral protein in that it was solubilized using the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 but not by either re-homogenization or high NaCl concentrations. The observation that hydroxylamine was unable to cause the release of RD1 from either cerebellum or COS membranes and that [3H]palmitate was not incorporated into the RD1 protein immunoprecipitated from COS cells transfected with RD1 cDNA, indicated that RD1 was not anchored by N-terminal acylation. The engineered deletion of the 25 residues forming the unique N-terminal domain of RD1 caused both a profound increase in its activity (approximately 2-fold increase in Vmax) and a profound change in intracellular distribution. Thus, immunofluorescence studies identified the N-terminal truncated species as occurring exclusively ion the cytosol of transfected COS cells. The cDNA for RD1 thus appears to encode a native full-length type-IVA phosphodiesterase that is expressed in cerebellum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Dataset Information

Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and localization of the gene to the p13.2-q12 region of human chromosome 19 [corrected].

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets