The subunit structure of horse spleen apoferritin; the molecular weight of the oligomer and its stability to dissociation by dilution.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Crichton RR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1177546 | biostudies-other | 1973 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:1. The dissociation of horse spleen apoferritin as a function of pH was analysed by sedimentation-velocity techniques. The oligomer is stable in the range pH2.8-10.6. Between pH2.8 and 1.6 and 10.6 and 13.0 both oligomer and subunits can be detected. At pH values between 1.6 and 1.0 the subunit is the only species observed, although below pH1.0 aggregation of the subunits to a particle sedimenting much faster than the oligomer occurs. 2. When apoferritin is first dissociated into subunits at low pH values and then dialysed into buffers of pH1.5-5.0, the subunit reassociates to oligomer in the pH range 3.1-4.3. 3. U.v.-difference spectroscopy was used to study conformational changes occurring during the dissociation process. The difference spectrum in acid can be accounted for by the transfer of four to five tyrosine residues/subunit from the interior of the protein into the solvent. This process is reversed on reassociation, but shows the same hysteresis as found by sedimentation techniques. The difference spectrum in alkali is more complex, but is consistent with the deprotonation of tyrosine residues, which appear to have rather high pK values. 4. In addition to the involvement of tyrosine residues in the conformational change at low pH values, spectral evidence is presented that one tryptophan residue/subunit also changes its environment before dissociation and subsequent to reassociation. 5. Analysis of the dissociation and reassociation of apoferritin at low pH values suggests that this is a co-operative process involving protonation and deprotonation of at least two carboxyl functions of rather low intrinsic pK. The dissociation at alkaline pH values does not appear to be co-operative. 6. Of the five tyrosine residues/subunit only one can be nitrated with tetranitromethane. Guanidination of lysine residues results in the modification of seven out of a total of nine residues/subunit. Nine out of the ten arginine residues/subunit react with cyclohexanedione.
| S-EPMC1177698 | biostudies-other
Project description:Native electron capture dissociation (NECD) is a process during which proteins undergo fragmentation similar to that from radical dissociation methods, but without the addition of exogenous electrons. However, after three initial reports of NECD from the cytochrome c dimer complex, no further evidence of the effect has been published. Here, we report NECD behavior from horse spleen ferritin, a ∼490 kDa protein complex ∼20-fold larger than the previously studied cytochrome c dimer. Application of front-end infrared excitation (FIRE) in conjunction with low- and high-m/z quadrupole isolation and collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) provides new insights into the NECD mechanism. Additionally, activation of the intact complex in either the electrospray droplet or the gas phase produced c-type fragment ions. Similar to the previously reported results on cytochrome c, these fragment ions form near residues known to interact with iron atoms in solution. By mapping the location of backbone cleavages associated with c-type ions onto the crystal structure, we are able to characterize two distinct iron binding channels that facilitate iron ion transport into the core of the complex. The resulting pathways are in good agreement with previously reported results for iron binding sites in mammalian ferritin.
| S-EPMC5647560 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| EMPIAR-10272 | biostudies-other
Project description: Not available
| EMPIAR-10026 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. Horse spleen apoferritin catalyses the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) with molecular O(2) as electron acceptor under conditions where a number of other proteins have no such effect. The product is similar to ferritin by a number of criteria. 2. The progress curve is hyperbolic and the increase in initial velocity is linear with increasing apoferritin concentration. With respect to Fe(2+) the reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The pH-dependence of the reaction was determined between pH4.3 and 6.0. 3. Modification of both tryptophan residues/apoferritin subunit with 2-nitrophenylsulphenyl chloride does not affect either k(cat.) or K(m) for the oxidation. Neither does the guanidination of seven out of nine lysine residues/subunit, the modification of nine out of ten arginine residues/subunit with cyclohexanedione, or the nitration of one out of five tyrosine residues/subunit with tetranitromethane. 4. The carboxymethylation of two out of three cysteine residues/subunit and of one out of six histidine residues/subunit can be achieved with iodoacetic acid. This carboxymethylated apoferritin is completely inactive in Fe(2+) oxidation. 5. Apoferritin does not take up Fe(3+). It appears from these results that Fe(2+) is the form in which iron is taken up by ferritin in a reaction where the protein acts as an enzyme which traps the product in the interior of the protein shell.
| S-EPMC1177699 | biostudies-other
Project description:Small-soluble amyloid oligomers are believed to play a significant role in the pathology of amyloid diseases. Recently, the atomic structure of a toxic oligomer formed by an 11 residue and its tandem repeat was found to have an out-off register antiparallel ?-strands in the shape of a ?-barrel. In the present article we investigate the effect of mutations in the hydrophobic cores on the structure and dynamic of the ?-barrels using all atom multiple molecular dynamics simulations with an explicit solvent. Extending previous experiments with molecular dynamics simulations we systematically test how stability and formation of cylindrin depends on the interplay between hydrophobicity and steric effects of the core residues. We find that strong hydrophobic interactions between geometrically fitting residues keep the strands (both in register and out-off-register interface) in close proximity, which in turn stabilizes the side-chain and main-chain hydrogen bonds, and the salt bridges on the outer surface along the weak out-of-register interface. Our simulations also indicate presence of water molecules in the hydrophobic interior of the cylindrin ?-barrel.Proteins 2013.
| S-EPMC4206217 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Horse spleen ferritin was found to bind aluminium poorly after equilibrium dialysis with buffered aluminium citrate solutions. Not more than 10 aluminium atoms/ferritin molecule were bound from a 25 microM-aluminium solution, pH 7.4, and the degree of binding was dependent on the method used to prepare the aluminium citrate solution. Up to 120 aluminium atoms/molecule were bound when ferritin iron cores were reconstituted by the addition of 3000 Fe atoms to apoferritin in the presence of aluminium citrate. Comparison of previously published binding constants of ferritin and citrate for aluminium suggests that, in the cell, the prevalence of small ligands effectively prevents the association of large amounts of aluminium with ferritin.
| S-EPMC1133195 | biostudies-other
Project description:The role of bacterioplankton in the cycling of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is central to the carbon and energy balance in the ocean, yet there are few model organisms available to investigate the genes, metabolic pathways, and biochemical mechanisms involved in the degradation of this globally important carbon pool. To obtain microbial isolates capable of degrading semi-labile DOM for growth, we conducted dilution to extinction cultivation experiments using seawater enriched with high molecular weight (HMW) DOM. In total, 93 isolates were obtained. Amendments using HMW DOM to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration 4x (280??M) or 10x (700??M) the ocean surface water concentrations yielded positive growth in 4-6% of replicate dilutions, whereas <1% scored positive for growth in non-DOM-amended controls. The majority (71%) of isolates displayed a distinct increase in cell yields when grown in increasing concentrations of HMW DOM. Whole-genome sequencing was used to screen the culture collection for purity and to determine the phylogenetic identity of the isolates. Eleven percent of the isolates belonged to the gammaproteobacteria including Alteromonadales (the SAR92 clade) and Vibrio. Surprisingly, 85% of isolates belonged to the methylotrophic OM43 clade of betaproteobacteria, bacteria thought to metabolically specialize in degrading C1 compounds. Growth of these isolates on methanol confirmed their methylotrophic phenotype. Our results indicate that dilution to extinction cultivation enriched with natural sources of organic substrates has a potential to reveal the previously unsuspected relationships between naturally occurring organic nutrients and the microorganisms that consume them.
| S-EPMC4817625 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Physical activity promotes metabolic health and prevents lifestyle-related diseases. Adiponectin is specifically produced by adipose tissue and comes in three forms, differing in terms of weight: trimers (LMW), hexamers (MMW), and high-molecular-weight (HMW) oligomers. The oligomers are associated with the beneficial effects of adiponectin. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of a single bout of exhaustive exercise on adiponectin expression in 25 male amateur athletes, divided into two groups, one comprising young adults (YAs) (n = 15), and the other comprising middle-aged adults (MAs) (n = 10). Body fat was estimated through skinfold thickness. Adiponectin levels were assessed at baseline and at 15 min and 24 h post-exercise, while HMW oligomer levels were evaluated at baseline and at 24 h post-exercise. We observed a significant increase in total adiponectin at both 15 min and 24 h after exercise, with there being a more evident effect among the YA subjects. HMW oligomers also increased significantly after exercise both in the total sample and among the YA subjects, but this was not the case in the MA subjects. The increase in adiponectin levels was significantly associated with Powerpeak. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was found between basal adiponectin and VO2peak and Powerpeak. In conclusion, a single bout of exhaustive exercise can rapidly and significantly enhance the basal circulating adiponectin concentration, which seems to be negatively associated with maximal aerobic capacity.
| S-EPMC11351654 | biostudies-literature
Project description:When ferritin is reconstituted from Fe and apoferritin in vitro in the presence of Pi, the product obtained differs both from native ferritin and from ferritin reconstituted in the absence of Pi. When the latter is incubated with Pi the product resembles native ferritin with respect both to the pattern of Pi incorporated per molecule or per Fe atom and to the ease of release of this Pi relative to Fe release. It is concluded that much of the Pi of native ferritin is adsorbed on surfaces of ferritin iron-core crystallites. The results also suggest that Pi is not present at the intracellular site of Fe incorporation into ferritin, but is added after Fe.
| S-EPMC1183959 | biostudies-other