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Biosynthesis of growth hormone in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Stimulation of biosynthesis in vitro by insulin.

ABSTRACT: The effect of insulin on the incorporation of radioactive leucine into growth hormone was investigated by using rat anterior pituitary glands incubated in vitro. A 50% stimulation over control values was observed at insulin concentrations above 2mum (280munits/ml). The effect was specific for growth hormone biosynthesis, over the range 1-5mum-insulin (140-700munits/ml). Lower more physiological concentrations had no significant effect in this system. Above 10mum (1.4 units/ml) total protein synthesis was also increased. The stimulation of growth hormone synthesis could be partially blocked by the addition of actinomycin D, suggesting that RNA synthesis was involved. Insulin was found to stimulate the rate of glucose utilization in a similar way to growth hormone synthesis. 2-Deoxyglucose and phloridzin, which both prevented insulin from stimulating glucose utilization, also prevented the effect of insulin on growth hormone synthesis. If glucose was replaced by fructose in the medium, the effect of insulin on growth hormone synthesis was decreased. We conclude that the rate of utilization of glucose may be an important step in mediating the effect of insulin on growth hormone synthesis.

SUBMITTER: Betteridge A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1177919 | biostudies-other | 1973 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Diethylstilbestrol effects on rat anterior pituitary gland

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Stimulation of anterior pituitary prostaglandin E content and somatotropin (growth hormone) synthesis by phospholipase A.

Project description:The prostaglandin E content of dispersed rat anterior pituitary glands was found to increase in the presence of phospholipase A or arachidonic acid. The increases were abolished by the addition of indomethacin. Similarly, the rate of somatotropin (growth hormone) synthesis was increased by these two agents, and the increases were again abolished by indomethacin. Phospholipase A also stimulated somatotropin release. The stimulation of prostaglandin E accumulation was a specific response to those fatty acids that are precursors for prostaglandin synthesis. One such precursor, [3H]arachidonic acid, was incorporated by rat anterior pituitary glands in vitro, and found to be associated mainly with phosphatidylethanolamine-like material. It is concluded that the intracellular concentration of prostaglandin E is limited by the availability of precursor fatty acids and that this can be increased by the addition of exogenous precursors or by the action of exogenous phospholipase A on the cellular phospholipid. Factors that increased prostaglandin E concentrations also increase the rate of synthesis of somatotropin, providing further evidence for the concept that prostaglandin E is involved in modulation of the rate of synthesis of this hormone.

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Proteomic analysis of human anterior pituitary gland

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