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The assay of xylosyltransferase in cartilage extracts. A modified procedure for preparation of Smith-degraded proteoglycan.

ABSTRACT: A modification of the published method [Baker, Rodén & Stoolmiller (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 3838--3847] for preparation of Smith-degraded proteoglycan is described. The new method is based on the finding that most of the chondroitin sulphate is cleaved from proteoglycan core protein by periodate oxidation. The borohydride reduction procedure was modified because the periodate-oxidized core protein is extensively degraded under the highly alkaline conditions previously used. The new method involves the separation of periodate-oxidized core protein from chondroitin sulphate by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B, and the reduction of the former in H3BO3/NaBH4 at pH 8.5 to produce the reduced species. Smith-degraded proteoglycan prepared by this method exhibited high acceptor activity for xylosyltransferase from embryonic-chick cartilage and had an apparent Km of 160 microgram/ml or 45 micrometer on a serine basis. In this assay system an apparent Km of 19 micrometer was obtained for UDP-xylose. The intermediate products periodate-oxidized core protein and reduced proteoglycen were inactive as xylosyltransferase acceptor substrates.

SUBMITTER: Sandy JD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1186407 | biostudies-other | 1979 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of the synovial joints. The autoimmune character of RA is underscored by prominent production of autoantibodies such as those against IgG (rheumatoid factor), and a broad array of joint tissue-specific and other endogenous citrullinated proteins. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) can be detected in the sera and synovial fluids of RA patients and ACPA seropositivity is one of the diagnostic criteria of RA. Studies have demonstrated that RA T cells respond to citrullinated peptides (epitopes) of proteoglycan (PG) aggrecan, which is one of the most abundant macromolecules of articular cartilage. However, it is not known if the PG molecule is citrullinated in vivo in human cartilage, and if so, whether citrulline-containing neoepitopes of PG (CitPG) can contribute to autoimmunity in RA.MethodsCitPG was detected in human cartilage extracts using ACPA+ RA sera in dot blot and Western blot. Citrullination status of in vitro citrullinated recombinant G1 domain of human PG (rhG1) was confirmed by antibody-based and chemical methods, and potential sites of citrullination in rhG1 were explored by molecular modeling. CitPG-specific serum autoantibodies were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and CitPG was localized in osteoarthritic (OA) and RA cartilage using immunohistochemistry.FindingsSera from ACPA+ RA patients reacted with PG purified from normal human cartilage specimens. PG fragments (mainly those containing the G1 domain) from OA or RA cartilage extracts were recognized by ACPA+ sera but not by serum from ACPA- individuals. ACPA+ sera also reacted with in vitro citrullinated rhG1 and G3 domain-containing fragment(s) of PG. Molecular modeling suggested multiple sites of potential citrullination within the G1 domain. The immunohistochemical localization of CitPG was different in OA and RA cartilage.ConclusionsCitPG is a new member of citrullinated proteins identified in human joints. CitPG could be found in both normal and diseased cartilage specimens. Antibodies against CitPG may trigger or augment arthritis by forming immune complexes with this autoantigen in the joints of ACPA+ RA patients.

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The assay of xylosyltransferase in cartilage extracts. A modified procedure for preparation of Smith-degraded proteoglycan.

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