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Fenofibrate simultaneously induces hepatic fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, and elongation in mice.

ABSTRACT: A growing body of evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) not merely serves as a transcriptional regulator of fatty acid catabolism but also exerts a much broader role in hepatic lipid metabolism. We determined adaptations in hepatic lipid metabolism and related aspects of carbohydrate metabolism upon treatment of C57Bl/6 mice with the PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate. Stable isotope procedures were applied to assess hepatic fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid elongation, and carbohydrate metabolism. Fenofibrate treatment strongly induced hepatic de novo lipogenesis and chain elongation (+/-300, 150, and 600% for C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 synthesis, respectively) in parallel with an increased expression of lipogenic genes. The lipogenic induction in fenofibrate-treated mice was found to depend on sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) but not carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP). Fenofibrate treatment resulted in a reduced contribution of glycolysis to acetyl-CoA production, whereas the cycling of glucose 6-phosphate through the pentose phosphate pathway presumably was enhanced. Altogether, our data indicate that beta-oxidation and lipogenesis are induced simultaneously upon fenofibrate treatment. These observations may reflect a physiological mechanism by which PPARalpha and SREBP-1c collectively ensure proper handling of fatty acids to protect the liver against cytotoxic damage.

SUBMITTER: Oosterveer MH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2797174 | biostudies-other | 2009 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Fenofibrate simultaneously induces hepatic fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, and elongation in mice.

Oosterveer Maaike H MH Grefhorst Aldo A van Dijk Theo H TH Havinga Rick R Staels Bart B Kuipers Folkert F Groen Albert K AK Reijngoud Dirk-Jan DJ

The Journal of biological chemistry 20091002 49

A growing body of evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) not merely serves as a transcriptional regulator of fatty acid catabolism but also exerts a much broader role in hepatic lipid metabolism. We determined adaptations in hepatic lipid metabolism and related aspects of carbohydrate metabolism upon treatment of C57Bl/6 mice with the PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate. Stable isotope procedures were applied to assess hepatic fatty acid synthesis, fatty a ...[more]

PMID: 19801551

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Project description:BackgroundHigh-fat diets promote hepatic lipid accumulation. Paradoxically, these diets also induce lipogenic gene expression in rodent liver. Whether high expression of these genes actually results in an increased flux through the de novo lipogenic pathway in vivo has not been demonstrated.Methodology/principal findingsTo interrogate this apparent paradox, we have quantified de novo lipogenesis in C57Bl/6J mice fed either chow, a high-fat or a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched high-fat diet. A novel approach based on mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) following 1-(13)C acetate infusion was applied to simultaneously determine de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid elongation as well as cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, we measured very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production rates. High-fat feeding promoted hepatic lipid accumulation and induced the expression of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes compared to chow-fed mice: induction of gene expression was found to translate into increased oleate synthesis. Interestingly, this higher lipogenic flux (+74 microg/g/h for oleic acid) in mice fed the high-fat diet was mainly due to an increased hepatic elongation of unlabeled palmitate (+66 microg/g/h) rather than to elongation of de novo synthesized palmitate. In addition, fractional cholesterol synthesis was increased, i.e. 5.8+/-0.4% vs. 8.1+/-0.6% for control and high fat-fed animals, respectively. Hepatic VLDL-TG production was not affected by high-fat feeding. Partial replacement of saturated fat by fish oil completely reversed the lipogenic effects of high-fat feeding: hepatic lipogenic and cholesterogenic gene expression levels as well as fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis rates were normalized.Conclusions/significanceHigh-fat feeding induces hepatic fatty acid synthesis in mice, by chain elongation and subsequent desaturation rather than de novo synthesis, while VLDL-TG output remains unaffected. Suppression of lipogenic fluxes by fish oil prevents from high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice.

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Fenofibrate simultaneously induces hepatic fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, and elongation in mice.

Publications

Fenofibrate simultaneously induces hepatic fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, and elongation in mice.

Similar Datasets

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