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Reproductive factors and serum uric acid levels in females from the general population: the KORA F4 study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Hyperuricemia is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. There are pronounced sex differences in the levels of uric acid. It is largely unknown whether or not reproductive parameters which induce hormonal changes are responsible for this. We examined if there are associations between reproductive parameters and uric acid levels in a female population-based sample. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, data of 1530 women aged 32 to 81 years participating in the KORA F4 study, conducted between 2006 and 2008 in Southern Germany were used. Reproductive parameters were obtained by standardized interviews. Uric acid levels were tested by the uricase method. The whole study sample and stratified in pre- and postmenopausal women was analyzed. RESULTS: Menopausal status and earlier age at menarche were associated with higher serum uric acid levels (age-adjusted: p-values 0.003, <0.001 respectively; after multivariable adjustment, including BMI: p-values 0.002, 0.036). A history of oral contraceptive use showed an association with uric acid levels only after multivariable adjustment (p-value 0.009). Hot flushes showed an association with uric acid levels only after age-adjustment (p-value 0.038), but lost significance after adding other confounders. Other reproductive factors, including parity, current or ever use of hormone replacement therapy, current use of oral contraceptives, hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or depressive mood related to menopausal transition were not associated with uric acid levels. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal status, earlier age at menarche and a history of oral contraceptive use were independently associated with higher serum uric acid concentrations in women from the general population. Further studies, especially longitudinal population-based studies investigating the relationship of female reproductive parameters with uric acid levels are necessary to confirm our findings.

SUBMITTER: Stockl D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3302793 | biostudies-other | 2012

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Background and aimDespite its vasodilatory effect, adrenomedullin and its surrogate mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) have been found to be positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms thereof remain unclear and the associations were mostly shown in geriatric cohorts or in patients with chronic diseases. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible involvement of abdominal obesity, selected adipokines, and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in the association of MR-proADM with mortality in a population based study cohort.MethodsProspective analysis of the KORA F4 study; median follow-up 9.1 (8.8-9.4) years. Complete data on MR-proADM and mortality was available for 1551 participants, aged 56.9±12.9 years (mean±SD). Correlation and regression analyses of MR-proADM with overall (BMI) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference), selected adipokines and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation. Cox proportional hazard models on the association of MR-proADM with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and selected biomarkers in study subgroups (n = 603-1551).ResultsMR-proADM associated with all-cause (HR (95%CI): 2.37 (1.72-3.26) and 2.31 (1.67-3.20)) and cardiovascular mortality (4.28 (2.19-8.39) and 4.44 (2.25-8.76)) after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors including BMI or waist circumference, respectively. MR-proADM was further associated with four out of seven examined adipokines (leptin, retinol-binding protein-4, chemerin, and adiponectin) and with five out of eleven examined biomarkers of subclinical inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, interleukin-22, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) after multivariable adjustment and correction for multiple testing. However, only IL-6 substantially attenuated the association of MR-proADM with all-cause mortality.ConclusionsWe found an association of MR-proADM with (abdominal) obesity, selected adipokines, and biomarkers of subclinical inflammation. However, the association of MR-proADM with mortality was independent of these parameters. Future studies should investigate the role of IL-6 and further characteristics of subclinical inflammation in the association between MR-proADM and all-cause mortality.

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Reproductive factors and serum uric acid levels in females from the general population: the KORA F4 study.

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