The Audiometric Findings among Curitiba and Metropolitan Area Students.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Klas R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4297028 | biostudies-other | 2014 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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| S-EPMC2828076 | biostudies-literature
Project description:With the development of economic integration, Beijing has become more closely connected with surrounding areas, which gradually formed the Beijing metropolitan area (BMA). The authors define the scope of BMA from two dimensions of space and time. BMA is determined to be the built-up area of Beijing and its surrounding 10 districts. Designed questionnaire survey the personal characteristics, family characteristics, and travel characteristics of residents from 10 districts in the surrounding BMA. The statistical analysis of questionnaires shows that the supply of public transportation is insufficient and cannot meet traffic demand. Further, the travel mode prediction model of Softmax regression machine learning algorithm for BMA (SRBM) is established. To further verify the prediction performance of the proposed model, the Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), model are introduced to compare the prediction accuracy. The results show that the constructed SRBM model exhibits high prediction accuracy, with an average accuracy of 88.35%, which is 2.83% and 18.11% higher than the SVM and MNL models, respectively. This article provides new ideas for the prediction of travel modes in the Beijing metropolitan area.
| S-EPMC8588932 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Our objective was to develop state and metropolitan area-based surveillance projects to describe the characteristics of those with ALS and to assist with evaluating the completeness of the National ALS Registry. Because the literature suggested that ethnic/racial minorities have lower incidence of ALS, three state and eight metropolitan areas were selected to over-represent ethnic/racial minorities to have a sufficient number of minority patients. Project activities relied on reports from medical providers and medical records abstraction. The project areas represented approximately 27% of the U.S.The combined racial and ethnic distribution of these areas is 64.4% white, 16.0% African-American, 6.7% Asian, and 28.3% Hispanic. Most neurologists did not diagnose or provide care for ALS patients. The number of unique patients reported was close to expected (5883 vs. 6673). Age and gender distribution of patients was similar to the literature. The crude average annual incidence rate was 1.52 per 100,000 person-years, CI 1.44-1.61, and the 2009 prevalence rate was 3.84 per 100,000 population, CI 3.70-3.97. In conclusion, this study represents the largest number of clinically diagnosed ALS patients reported by neurologists in the U.S. Comparison of these data with those in the National ALS Registry will help evaluate the completeness of administrative databases.
| S-EPMC4732418 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to determine, among a population-based sample of Canadian adults, if risk factors for cardiovascular disease (alone and in combination) were associated with hearing loss. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations (the latter with about 3 years of follow-up) were examined. Risk factors considered included diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. We also aimed to determine if associations were modified by sex and age group (45 to 54, 55 to 64, 65 to 74, and 75 to 86 years old at baseline).DesignA secondary analysis of data collected for the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging was performed. Data were collected in two waves, the first between 2012 and 2015, and the second between 2015 and 2018. Hearing was measured using screening air-conduction pure-tone audiometry. The outcome of interest was defined as the mid-frequency (1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz) pure-tone average for both ears. Diabetes was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis, use of diabetes medications, or a hemoglobin A1c level ≥6.5%. Dyslipidemia was determined by blood lipid profile as defined using the Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥3.5 mmol/L or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥4.3 mmol/L). Hypertension was determined by self-reported physician diagnosis or an average systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or an average diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. Obesity was defined as a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.6. Smoking history was determined by self-report (current/former/never-smoker). Two composite measures of cardiovascular risk were also constructed: a count of the number of risk factors and a general cardiovascular risk profile (Framingham) score. Independent associations between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and hearing were determined using multivariable regression models. Survey weights were incorporated into the analyses. All results were disaggregated by sex. Effect modification according to age was determined using multiplicative interaction terms between the age group and each of the risk factor variables. A complete case (listwise deletion) approach was performed for the primary analysis. We then repeated the multivariable regression analyses using multiple imputation using chained equations to determine if the different approaches to dealing with missing data qualitatively changed the outcomes.ResultsIn longitudinal analyses, hypertension and the general cardiovascular risk profile score were associated with greater loss of hearing over the 3-year follow-up period for both sexes. In addition, smoking in males and obesity in females were associated with faster rates of hearing decline. In cross-sectional analyses, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and composite measures were each independently associated with worse hearing for both sexes (although for females, obesity was only associated with hearing loss in the 55 to 64-year-old age group). The results were similar for the complete case and multiple imputation approaches, but more cross-sectional associations were observed using multiple imputation.ConclusionsDiabetes, obesity, hypertension, and smoking were associated with hearing loss. Higher combinations of risk factors increased the risk of hearing loss. Further studies are needed to confirm age and sex differences and whether interventions to address these risk factors could slow the progression of hearing loss in older adults.
| S-EPMC10583941 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An understanding of epidemiological dynamics is important for prevention and control of epidemic outbreaks. However, previous studies tend to focus only on specific areas, indicating that application to another area or intervention strategy requires a similar time-consuming simulation. Here, we study the epidemic dynamics of the disease-spread over a commute network, using the Tokyo metropolitan area as an example, in an attempt to elucidate the general properties of epidemic spread over a commute network that could be used for a prediction in any metropolitan area. The model is formulated on the basis of a metapopulation network in which local populations are interconnected by actual commuter flows in the Tokyo metropolitan area and the spread of infection is simulated by an individual-based model. We find that the probability of a global epidemic as well as the final epidemic sizes in both global and local populations, the timing of the epidemic peak, and the time at which the epidemic reaches a local population are mainly determined by the joint distribution of the local population sizes connected by the commuter flows, but are insensitive to geographical or topological structure of the network. Moreover, there is a strong relation between the population size and the time that the epidemic reaches this local population and we are able to determine the reason for this relation as well as its dependence on the commute network structure and epidemic parameters. This study shows that the model based on the connection between the population size classes is sufficient to predict both global and local epidemic dynamics in metropolitan area. Moreover, the clear relation of the time taken by the epidemic to reach each local population can be used as a novel measure for intervention; this enables efficient intervention strategies in each local population prior to the actual arrival.
| S-EPMC4048205 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A road network aims to facilitate the movement of commuters and goods in a safe, economical, and efficient way that contributes to growth in the economy. Road traffic incidents (RTIs), such as crashes, vehicle breakdowns, hazards, etc., are unexpected events that cause severe traffic congestion, unreliability, and pollution. The existing open-source RTI databases provide information on only a single type of incident, i.e., crashes that too focusing on the fatal ones. Other incidents, such as vehicle breakdowns, are underreported to the transport authorities as they are less severe than road traffic crashes. However, traffic congestion induced by on-road breakdowns is non-trivial, as reported by past studies. Furthermore, the existing RTI databases lack information on incident duration, a variable that indicates the time it takes for the authorities to clear the incident site and bring traffic operations back to normalcy. The increase in duration may reflect either the severity of the incident or/and the delay in emergency services and thus becomes a key indicator for traffic and safety management. Therefore, this paper aims to present the RTI data of the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA), Australia, which includes crashes and breakdowns, along with their duration, covering 5.5 years, starting from the 1st January 2017. The uniqueness of this data is that the RTI duration, i.e., the clearance time of every incident, is provided along with other details, such as vehicles involved, traffic conditions, advisories imposed, etc., over a larger area. Further, the secondary data corresponding to the road network, zonal information, socioeconomic attributes, and travel characteristics collected from various sources were also included. The curated data could be employed to examine the factors influencing RTIs at the micro (individual incident) and macroscopic (zonal) levels.
| S-EPMC10661688 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This paper presents atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) data recorded during two short-term monitoring surveys in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) at 12th May 2019 and at 22nd May 2020, during conditions of low and high human activity respectively. Results, although they are limited, can be considered as the representative range of exposure to GEM of the inhabitants of MCMA; differences in results reveal the impact of human activities on GEM background levels (2.53 and 3.76 ng m-3, respectively). GEM concentrations and their spatial distribution does not allow for the identification of important industrial sources and do not reach intervention pollution levels. The activity of the Popocatépetl volcano is not likely to have an effect on GEM in the MCMA. In spite the evident decrease in GEM concentrations compared with data previously reported, monitoring must be carried out routinely given Mexico's participation in the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
| S-EPMC8271313 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This work presents simulation results for different mitigation and confinement scenarios for the propagation of COVID-19 in the metropolitan area of Madrid. These scenarios were implemented and tested using EpiGraph, an epidemic simulator which has been extended to simulate COVID-19 propagation. EpiGraph implements a social interaction model, which realistically captures a large number of characteristics of individuals and groups, as well as their individual interconnections, which are extracted from connection patterns in social networks. Besides the epidemiological and social interaction components, it also models people's short and long-distance movements as part of a transportation model. These features, together with the capacity to simulate scenarios with millions of individuals and apply different contention and mitigation measures, gives EpiGraph the potential to reproduce the COVID-19 evolution and study medium-term effects of the virus when applying mitigation methods. EpiGraph, obtains closely aligned infected and death curves related to the first wave in the Madrid metropolitan area, achieving similar seroprevalence values. We also show that selective lockdown for people over 60 would reduce the number of deaths. In addition, evaluate the effect of the use of face masks after the first wave, which shows that the percentage of people that comply with mask use is a crucial factor for mitigating the infection's spread.
| S-EPMC8007867 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Examining continuous seismic data recorded by a dense broadband seismic network throughout Taipei shows for the first time, the nature of seismic noise in this highly populated metropolitan area. Using 140 broadband stations in a 50 km × 69 km area, three different recurring, strong noise signals characterized by dominant frequencies of 2-20 Hz, 0.25-1 Hz, and < 0.2 Hz are explored. At frequencies of 2-20 Hz, the seismic noise exhibits daily and weekly variations, and a quiescence during the Chinese New Year holidays. The largest amplitude occurred at a station located only 400 m from a traffic-roundabout, one of the busiest intersections in Taipei, suggesting a possible correlation between large amplitude and traffic flow. The median daily amplitude for the < 0.2 Hz and 0.2-1.0 Hz frequency bands is mostly synchronized with high similarity between stations, indicating that the sources are persistent oceanic or atmospheric perturbations across a large area. The daily amplitude for the > 2 Hz band, however, is low, indicating a local source that changes on shorter length scales. Human activities responsible for the 2-40 Hz energy in the city, we discovered, are able to produce amplitudes approximately 2 to 1500 times larger than natural sources. Using the building array deployed in TAIPEI 101, the tallest building in Taiwan, we found the small but repetitive ground vibration induced by traffic has considerable effect on the vibration behavior of the high-rise building. This finding urges further investigation not only on the dynamic and continuous interaction between vehicles, roads, and buildings, but also the role of soft sediment on such interaction.
| S-EPMC8760259 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFeline calicivirus (FCV) is widespread throughout the world. An FCV infection is associated with conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and mouth ulcers that can lead to the animal's death. Because vaccination is not always effective, it is necessary to monitor the infection regularly.ObjectivesThis study examined the FCV epizootic situation in the Moscow metropolitan area by conducting a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the virus isolates.MethodsSamples from 6213 animals were examined by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. For phylogenetic analysis, 12 nucleotide sequences obtained from animal samples were selected. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method.ResultsThe FCV genome was detected in 1,596 (25.7%) samples out of 6,213. In 2018, calicivirus was detected in 18.9% of samples, 27.8% in 2019, 21.4% in 2020, and 32.6% in 2021. Phylogenetic analysis of the F ORF2 region and the ORF3 start region led to division into two FCV genogroups. Most of the isolates (8 out of 12) were close to the Chinese strains. On the other hand, there were isolates closely related to European and American strains. The isolates circulating in Moscow were not included in clusters with vaccine strains; their nucleotide similarity varied from 77% to 83%.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence and genetic diversity of the FCV in Moscow. The epizootic situation remains stably tense because 24 viruses were detected in 25% of animals annually.
| S-EPMC9715382 | biostudies-literature