Dataset Information

Acute Kidney Injury Subsequent to Cardiac Surgery.

ABSTRACT: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is a common and underappreciated syndrome that is associated with poor shortand long-term outcomes. AKI after cardiac surgery may be epiphenomenon, a signal for adverse outcomes by virtue of other affected organ systems, and a consequence of multiple factors. Subtle increases in serum creatinine (SCr) postoperatively, once considered inconsequential, have been shown to reflect a kidney injury that likely occurred in the operating room during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and more often in susceptible individuals. The postoperative elevation in SCr is a delayed signal reflecting the intraoperative injury. Preoperative checklists and the conduct of CPB represent opportunities for prevention of AKI. Newer definitions of AKI provide us with an opportunity to scrutinize perioperative processes of care and determine strategies to decrease the incidence of AKI subsequent to cardiac surgery. Recognizing and mitigating risk factors preoperatively and optimizing intraoperative practices may, in the aggregate, decrease the incidence of AKI. This review explores the pathophysiology of AKI and addresses the features of patients who are the most vulnerable to AKI. Preoperative strategies are discussed with particular attention to a readiness for surgery checklist. Intraoperative strategies include minimizing hemodilution and maximizing oxygen delivery with specific suggestions regarding fluid management and plasma preservation.

SUBMITTER: Kramer RS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4566816 | biostudies-other | 2015 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Acute Kidney Injury Subsequent to Cardiac Surgery.

Kramer Robert S RS Herron Crystal R CR Groom Robert C RC Brown Jeremiah R JR

The journal of extra-corporeal technology 20150301 1

Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is a common and underappreciated syndrome that is associated with poor shortand long-term outcomes. AKI after cardiac surgery may be epiphenomenon, a signal for adverse outcomes by virtue of other affected organ systems, and a consequence of multiple factors. Subtle increases in serum creatinine (SCr) postoperatively, once considered inconsequential, have been shown to reflect a kidney injury that likely occurred in the operating room during cardio ...[more]

PMID: 26390675

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Project description:Background:Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We examined the utility of combining biomarkers of kidney function loss (serum cystatin C) and kidney tubular damage (urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL] and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 [KIM-1]) for the prediction of post-cardiac surgery AKI. Methods:Single-center prospective cohort study of 106 adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Primary outcome was postoperative in-hospital AKI defined by serum creatinine (SCr)-Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Biomarkers were measured preoperatively, 6 hours after CPB and on postoperative days (PODs) 1 to 4. Results:A total of 23 subjects (21.7%) developed AKI. After adjusting for preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, body mass index >30 kg/m2, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, the combination of peak serum cystatin C and peak urine KIM-1/creatinine (Cr) (6 hours post-CPB to POD 1) above optimal cutoff significantly associated with postoperative AKI (odds ratio [OR]: 5.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-21.67; P = 0.020). This biomarker combination significantly improved the performance of the clinical model for the prediction of postoperative AKI (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.90 for the clinical model alone versus 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.93 for the clinical model with the addition of biomarker data, P = 0.049). Conclusions:Combining biomarkers of postoperative kidney function loss and postoperative kidney tubular damage significantly improved prediction of in-hospital AKI following cardiac surgery. Future large, multicenter studies are warranted to assess whether panels of biomarkers reflecting distinct pathobiology can be used to guide interventions and improve short- and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Dataset Information

Acute Kidney Injury Subsequent to Cardiac Surgery.

Publications

Acute Kidney Injury Subsequent to Cardiac Surgery.

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