CHS silencing suggests a negative cross-talk between wax and flavonoid pathways in tomato fruit cuticle.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Heredia A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4622847 | biostudies-other | 2015
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Fruits of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar MicroTom were investigated. MicroTom wild type and lecer6 mutant fruits with a deficiency in a fatty acid beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (LeCER6) were used. Identification and characterization of this insertional mutant has been reported previously (Vogg et al., 2004; Leide et al., 2007). According to the developmental stage of the wild type and lecer6 mutant fruits, samples were composed of 5 to 15 whole fruits with seeds being removed (fruit developmental category 'fruit set' and I). Otherwise, samples contained exclusively the fruit peel, which was removed with a scalpel to a depth of approximately 1 mm (fruit developmental category II to VII). After sampling point the plant material was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 C until use.
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Project description:After a standard cultivation program of six weeks, tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar MicroTom were grown under different conditions of atmospheric humidity and soil irrigation. The atmospheric humidity was adjusted to 40% and 80%, respectively. To regulate soil moisture, all potted plants were substrate saturated watered once a week. Furthermore, only a group of these plants was irrigated to assure optimally growing conditions (optimal watering conditions), whereas a second group had to cope with little water supply (no watering conditions). Mature green fruits were investigated (fruit developmental category II). Samples contained exclusively the fruit peel, which was removed with a scalpel to a depth of approximately 1 mm. After sampling point the plant material was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 C until use.
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Project description:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model for studying plant cuticle because of its thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of the fruit. In this study, we screened an EMS mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for fruit cracking mutants and found a mutant displaying a glossy fruit phenotype. By using an established mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we identified the causal mutation in the SlSHN2 transcription factor that is specifically expressed in outer epidermis of growing fruit. The point mutation in the shn2 mutant introduces a K to N amino acid change in the highly conserved 'mm' domain of SHN proteins. The cuticle from shn2 fruit showed a ~ fivefold reduction in cutin while abundance and composition of waxes were barely affected. In addition to alterations in cuticle thickness and properties, epidermal patterning and polysaccharide composition of the cuticle were changed. RNAseq analysis further highlighted the altered expression of hundreds of genes in the fruit exocarp of shn2, including genes associated with cuticle and cell wall formation, hormone signaling and response, and transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, we showed that a point mutation in the transcriptional regulator SlSHN2 causes major changes in fruit cuticle formation and its coordination with epidermal patterning.
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