Dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer in Brazil: a case control study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Angelo SN
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4769830 | biostudies-other | 2016 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundHormone-replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk among postmenopausal women. However, little is known about the effects of lifetime exposure of women to varying levels of estrogen and progesterone through reproductive factors such as parity, use of oral contraceptives (OC), breastfeeding, and menstruation on CRC risk.MethodsWe assessed associations between reproductive factors and CRC risk among 2650 female CRC patients aged 30+ years and 2175 matched controls in a population-based study in Germany, adjusting for potential confounders by multiple logistic regression.ResultsInverse associations with CRC risk were found for numbers of pregnancies (odds ratio [OR] per pregnancy = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86 to 0.97), breastfeeding for 12 months and longer (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.90), and use of either OC or HRT (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.64 to 0.87) or both (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.70). Similar results were found for postmenopausal women only and when adjusting for number of pregnancies and for all reproductive factors analyzed together. Breastfeeding duration of 12 months and longer was associated with lower risk of cancer only in the proximal colon (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.74).ConclusionsSeveral reproductive factors were associated with lower CRC risk in women, including number of pregnancies, breastfeeding duration, and use of OC and HRT. This suggests that women's exposure to female reproductive hormones plays a key role in the difference in CRC risk between women and men and in site-specific CRC risk.
| S-EPMC9251386 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been recognized as one of the major malignancies in Korea. Analyses of dietary patterns can provide insight into the complex interactions of foods, nutrients, and biologically active components within a diet, which vary among populations. We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk in Koreans. In a study of 923 cases and 1846 controls, principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns based on 33 predefined food groups using a 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). The associations between dietary patterns and CRC risk were assessed using binary and polytomous logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Three dietary patterns (traditional, Westernized, and prudent) were derived. The proportion of total variation explained by 3 patterns was 24.2% for men and 25.3% for women. The traditional and prudent patterns were inversely associated with CRC risk [OR and 95% CI for the highest intake tertile of pattern score vs. the lowest = 0.35 (0.27-0.46) and 0.37 (0.28-0.48), respectively], whereas the Westernized pattern showed a positive association, especially among women [OR = 2.13 (1.35-3.34) for the highest tertile vs. the lowest]. A decrease in CRC risk among those with the highest intake of the prudent pattern was observed in all anatomical subsites in both men [OR = 0.36 (0.19-0.68) for proximal colon; 0.21 (0.12-0.36) for distal colon; 0.28 (0.18-0.44) for rectum] and women [OR = 0.28 (0.11-0.71); 0.27 (0.13-0.54); 0.45 (0.25-0.83)]. Our results indicate that individuals who prefer the Westernized dietary pattern should be made aware of their increased CRC risk. The traditional dietary pattern and the prudent pattern, which are rich in fruits and dairy products, are recommended for the Korean population to prevent CRC.
| S-EPMC4998300 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The role of diet-associated inflammation in colorectal cancer is of interest. Accordingly, we aimed to examine whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in a case-control study conducted in Korea. The DII was based on dietary intake, which was determined by a 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire completed by 923 colorectal cancer cases and 1846 controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were conducted by the anatomical site of the cancer, sex, and other risk factors. Higher DII scores were associated with an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (OR (95% CI) = 2.16 (1.71, 2.73) for highest vs. lowest tertile). The magnitude differed by anatomical site and sex. This association was slightly weaker in subjects with proximal colon cancer (1.68 (1.08, 2.61)) and was stronger in women (2.50 (1.64, 3.82)). Additionally, stronger associations were observed in subjects who were older than 50 years (p for interaction = 0.004) and engaged in physical activity (p for interaction < 0.001). Results from this study suggest that diet-associated inflammation may increase the risk of colorectal cancer, and this effect may differ by certain factors, such as anatomical site, age, sex, and lifestyle.
| S-EPMC4997382 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe rising incidence of colorectal cancer in sub-Saharan Africa may be partly caused by changing dietary patterns. We sought to establish the association between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in Zimbabwe.MethodsOne hundred colorectal cancer cases and 200 community-based controls were recruited. Data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns derived by principal component analysis. Generalised linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between dietary patterns, participant characteristics and colorectal cancer.ResultsThree main dietary patterns were identified: traditional African, urbanised and processed food. The traditional African diet appeared protective against colorectal cancer (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.35; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.21 - 0.58), which had no association with the urban (OR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.43-1.08), or processed food (OR 0.91; 0.58-1.41) patterns. The traditional African diet was associated with rural domicile, (OR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.00-1.59), and a low income (OR1.48; 95% CI, 1.06-2.08). The urbanised diet was associated with urban domicile (OR 1.70; 95% CI, 1.38-2.10), secondary (OR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07-1.59) or tertiary education (OR 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11-1.97), and monthly incomes of $201-500 (OR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.62), and the processed food pattern with tertiary education (OR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05-1.92), and income >$1000/month (OR 1.48; 95% CI, 1.02-2.15).ConclusionA shift away from protective, traditional African dietary patterns may partly explain the rising incidence of colorectal cancer in sub-Saharan Africa.
| S-EPMC6291434 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased in Iran, and determining the dietary patterns that can contribute to reducing or increasing the risk of CRC will help better control this disease. Therefore, in the current study, we assessed the association between the empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH) and the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) with the CRC odds.MethodsThe present case (n = 71)-control (n = 142) study was carried out in several CRC surgical units of hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire containing 168 items was used to assess participants' dietary intakes. The EDIH and ELIH scores were calculated by food groups and some variables such as body mass index and physical activity. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between the EDIH and ELIH scores with CRC odds.ResultsAccording to baseline features of the study participants, there were significant differences between the controls and cases in ELIH score, fiber intake, taking aspirin, and family history of CRC in first- and second-degree relatives. Also, we found that the odds of CRC increased significantly in the last tertile compared to the first tertile in EDIH and ELIH in the adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 3.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-7.48 and OR = 4.72; 95% CI: 1.15-19.39, respectively).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the result of this study indicated that CRC odds was significantly greater in subjects with higher EDIH and ELIH scores. Also, according to the results of this study, lifestyle and diet with insulinemic potential can influence the CRC risk.
| S-EPMC10712032 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chronic inflammation is an important factor in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, evidence on the effect of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory foods and nutrients is scarce. Moreover, there are few studies focusing on diet-gene interactions on inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was designed to investigate the association between the novel dietary inflammatory index (DII) and CRC and its potential interaction with polymorphisms in inflammatory genes. Data from the Bellvitge Colorectal Cancer Study, a case-control study (424 cases with incident colorectal cancer and 401 hospital-based controls), were used. The DII score for each participant was obtained by multiplying intakes of dietary components from a validated dietary history questionnaire by literature-based dietary inflammatory weights that reflected the inflammatory potential of components. Data from four important single nucleotide polymorphisms located in genes thought to be important in inflammation-associated CRC: i.e., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? (PPARG) were analyzed. A direct association was observed between DII score and CRC risk (ORQ4 vs. Q1 1.65, 95 % CI 1.05-2.60, and P trend 0.011). A stronger association was found with colon cancer risk (ORQ4 vs. Q1 2.24, 95 % CI 1.33-3.77, and P trend 0.002) than rectal cancer risk (ORQ4 vs. Q1 1.12, 95 % CI 0.61-2.06, and P trend 0.37). DII score was inversely correlated with SNP rs2243250 in IL-4 among controls, and an interaction was observed with CRC risk. Neither correlation nor interaction was detected for other inflammatory genes. Overall, high-DII diets are associated with increased risk of CRC, particularly for colon cancer, suggesting that dietary-mediated inflammation plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis.
| S-EPMC4259879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeThere has been an alarming increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence among young adults aged < 50 years, and factors driving this upward trend are unknown. This study investigated associations between various medical, lifestyle, and dietary factors and risk of early-onset CRC (EO-CRC).MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted in Ontario, Canada during 2018-2019. EO-CRC cases aged 20-49 years (n = 175) were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry; sex- and age group-matched controls (n = 253) were recruited through random digit dialing. Data on potential a priori risk factors were collected using a web-based self-reported questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsFamily history of CRC in a first- or second-degree relative (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.47-3.84), longer sedentary time (≥ 10 vs. < 5 h/day, OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.02-3.65), greater consumption of sugary drinks (≥ 7 vs. < 1 drinks/week, OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.57-5.68), and a more Westernized dietary pattern (quartile 4 vs. 1, OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.01-3.66) were each associated with an increased risk of EO-CRC. Conversely, calcium supplement use (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31-0.92), history of allergy or asthma (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.39-0.98), and greater parity in females (≥ 3 vs. nulliparity, OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.11-0.76) were each associated with a reduced risk.ConclusionModifiable factors, particularly sedentary behavior and unhealthy diet including sugary drink consumption, may be associated with EO-CRC risk. Our findings, if replicated, may help inform prevention strategies targeted at younger persons.
| S-EPMC8416813 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Objectives:Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms and a leading cause of mortality globally. To our knowledge, its relationship with dietary factors is not adequately studied and understood in the Nepalese context. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between the possible dietary risk factors responsible for gastric cancer in Nepal. Methods:A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted in two specialized cancer hospitals in Nepal. A total of 237 participants (79 cases and 158 controls) were included in the study. Patients diagnosed within one year (incidence case) with histologically confirmed gastric cancer were taken as cases, and healthy visitors of gastric and nongastric cancer patients without past and present history or not a suspected information of gastric cancer were included as controls. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a semi-structured food frequency questionnaire. Backward stepwise conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the magnitude of the association between the independent variables and gastric cancer. Results were presented as the crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:In the adjusted multivariable conditional logistic regression model, an increased risk of gastric cancer was more likely to have higher odds among those respondents who had a high consumption of processed meat (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI: 0.90-17.66), preferences of a high amount of fats/oil (AOR = 4.64, 95% CI: 1.56-13.72), and preferences of high amounts of salts (AOR = 4.18, 95% CI: 1.30-13.44). Conversely, those respondents who consumed higher amounts of fruits (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07-0.65) were seen to have lower odds of gastric cancer. Conclusions:Our study found an increased risk of gastric cancer with frequent consumption of red meat, processed meat, high preferences of salt, fats/oil, and condiments. Regular consumption of fruits had a protective effect against gastric cancer. Providing nutrition education, public awareness, and lifestyle modification are primary steps to promote the avoidance of risk factors and change unhealthy dietary habits to prevent gastric cancer in Nepal.
| S-EPMC7290904 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dietary patterns may be a crucial modifiable factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. This study aimed to examine the associations of dietary patterns derived from two methods with CRC risk in Korea. In a study of 1420 CRC patients and 2840 control participants, we obtained dietary patterns by principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR) using 33 predefined food groups. The associations between dietary patterns and CRC risk were assessed using unconditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We identified two similar dietary patterns, derived from PCA 1 (prudent) and RRR (healthy), characterized by higher consumption of green/yellow vegetables, light-colored vegetables, fruits, eggs, and milk in both men and women. In women, higher prudent and healthy pattern scores were significantly associated with a lower risk of CRC (prudent, ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.59, 95% CI 0.40-0.86, P for trend = 0.005; healthy, ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43-0.89, P for trend = 0.007). In men, a significant inverse association between dietary pattern and risk of rectal cancer was found only for the healthy dietary pattern (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.97, P for trend = 0.036). Compared with the dietary pattern derived by PCA, the RRR dietary pattern had a slightly stronger association with a lower risk of distal colon cancer (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.97, P for trend = 0.025) and rectal cancer (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 0.29, 95% CI 0.15-0.57, P for trend < 0.001) in women. Our findings suggest cancer prevention strategies focusing on a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, eggs, and milk. Moreover, the use of both PCA and RRR methods may be advantageous to explore the associations between dietary patterns and risk of CRC.
| S-EPMC10954725 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The MD Anderson Colorectal Cancer Case Control Study
| PRJNA779120 | ENA