Dataset Information

Differential regulations of vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic response by ?- and ?2-adrenergic receptors in the cerebellar flocculus.

ABSTRACT: Norepinephrine modulates synaptic plasticity in various brain regions and is implicated in memory formation, consolidation and retrieval. The cerebellum is involved in motor learning, and adaptations of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic response (OKR) have been studied as models of cerebellum-dependent motor learning. Previous studies showed the involvement of adrenergic systems in the regulation of VOR, OKR and cerebellar synaptic functions. Here, we show differential contributions of ?- and ?2-adrenergic receptors in the mouse cerebellar flocculus to VOR and OKR control. Effects of application of ?- or ?2-adrenergic agonist or antagonist into the flocculus suggest that the ?-adrenergic receptor activity maintains the VOR gain at high levels and contributes to adaptation of OKR, and that ?2-adrenergic receptor counteracts the ?-receptor activity in VOR and OKR control. We also examined effects of norepinephrine application, and the results suggest that norepinephrine regulates VOR and OKR through ?-adrenergic receptor at low concentrations and through ?2-receptor at high concentrations.

SUBMITTER: Wakita R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5479797 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Publications

Differential regulations of vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic response by β- and α2-adrenergic receptors in the cerebellar flocculus.

Wakita Ryo R Tanabe Soshi S Tabei Kazunari K Funaki Asako A Inoshita Takuma T Hirano Tomoo T

Scientific reports 20170621 1

Norepinephrine modulates synaptic plasticity in various brain regions and is implicated in memory formation, consolidation and retrieval. The cerebellum is involved in motor learning, and adaptations of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic response (OKR) have been studied as models of cerebellum-dependent motor learning. Previous studies showed the involvement of adrenergic systems in the regulation of VOR, OKR and cerebellar synaptic functions. Here, we show differential contributi ...[more]

PMID: 28638085

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Project description:The three-dimensional vestibulo-ocular reflex (3D VOR) ideally generates compensatory ocular rotations not only with a magnitude equal and opposite to the head rotation but also about an axis that is collinear with the head rotation axis. Vestibulo-ocular responses only partially fulfill this ideal behavior. Because animal studies have shown that vestibular stimulation about particular axes may lead to suboptimal compensatory responses, we investigated in healthy subjects the peaks and troughs in 3D VOR stabilization in terms of gain and alignment of the 3D vestibulo-ocular response. Six healthy upright sitting subjects underwent whole body small amplitude sinusoidal and constant acceleration transients delivered by a six-degree-of-freedom motion platform. Subjects were oscillated about the vertical axis and about axes in the horizontal plane varying between roll and pitch at increments of 22.5 degrees in azimuth. Transients were delivered in yaw, roll, and pitch and in the vertical canal planes. Eye movements were recorded in with 3D search coils. Eye coil signals were converted to rotation vectors, from which we calculated gain and misalignment. During horizontal axis stimulation, systematic deviations were found. In the light, misalignment of the 3D VOR had a maximum misalignment at about 45 degrees . These deviations in misalignment can be explained by vector summation of the eye rotation components with a low gain for torsion and high gain for vertical. In the dark and in response to transients, gain of all components had lower values. Misalignment in darkness and for transients had different peaks and troughs than in the light: its minimum was during pitch axis stimulation and its maximum during roll axis stimulation. We show that the relatively large misalignment for roll in darkness is due to a horizontal eye movement component that is only present in darkness. In combination with the relatively low torsion gain, this horizontal component has a relative large effect on the alignment of the eye rotation axis with respect to the head rotation axis.

Dataset Information

Differential regulations of vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic response by ?- and ?2-adrenergic receptors in the cerebellar flocculus.

Publications

Differential regulations of vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic response by β- and α2-adrenergic receptors in the cerebellar flocculus.

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