Lead Poisoning.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Knollmann-Ritschel BEC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5528905 | biostudies-other | 2017 Jan-Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundTo assess the persistence of neighborhood-level lead poisoning disparities in Rhode Island.MethodsRhode Island Department of Health blood lead levels (BLL) collected from 2006-2019 were linked to census block group rates of poverty and housing built pre-1950. We computed multivariate logistic regression models of elevated BLLs (≥5 µg/dL and ≥10 µg/dL).ResultsOf the 197,384 study children, 12.9% had BLLs ≥5 µg/dL and 2.3% had BLLs ≥10 µg/dL. The proportion of children with BLL ≥ 5 µg/dL increased across quintiles of poverty and old housing. The odds ratio for highest quintiles was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.60) and 1.92 (95% CI: 1.70, 2.17) for poverty and pre-1950 housing, respectively. A significant temporal decline was observed for BLL ≥ 5 µg/dL (2006: 20.5%, 2019: 3.6%). Disparities narrowed over the study period across quintiles of poverty and old housing with a similar trend appearing in the proportion of children with BLL ≥ 10 µg/dL.ConclusionDespite tremendous progress in reducing lead exposure, substantial neighborhood disparities in lead poisoning persist. These findings provide valuable considerations for primary childhood lead exposure prevention.ImpactThrough linkage of Rhode Island Department of Health childhood lead poisoning and census data, this study captures neighborhood-level disparities in lead poisoning from 2006-2019. This study demonstrates that the odds of lead poisoning increased in a stepwise fashion for neighborhood quintiles of poverty and housing built pre-1950. While the magnitude of lead poisoning disparities narrowed across quintiles of poverty and old housing, disparities persist. Children's exposure to sources of lead contamination continues to be an important public health concern. The burden of lead poisoning is not equally distributed among all children or communities.
| S-EPMC10000346 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Abdominal pain may be a presenting symptom of lead poisoning and is often difficult to diagnose. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abdominal pain in patients seen in the Laghman Hakim Hospital ED and GI clinic who were lead-intoxicated, with or without opiate use disorder. METHODS:Between July 2017 and January 2018, patients seen in the ED and GI clinic of Loghman Hakim Hospital with unexplained abdominal pain or abdominal pain resistant to treatment were enrolled. Informed consent was obtained from potential enrollees. For standardization, a pre-designed data collection tool was developed for uniform data acquisition. Opiate use was determined historically. For this study, lead poisoning was defined as a blood lead level (BLL) greater than or equal to 30??g/dL (1.45??mol/L) with concomitant GI symptoms. RESULTS:Of 125 patients admitted, 28 (22.4%) had BLLs higher than 30??g/dL. None of the patients had signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome during evaluation. Elevated BLLs were significantly correlated with oral opium use/abuse, history of addiction for over the preceding 12?years. The daily opium use was more than 2.75?g. There was a statistical correlation between lead toxicity and abdominal pain consistency and intensity, constipation, and paresthesias. Anemia, leukocytosis, and abnormal liver enzyme tests were laboratory findings associated with lead toxicity. Four patients died, one of whom was diagnosed with lead toxicity. CONCLUSION:Lead toxicity should be considered in the potential differential diagnosis of severe and resistant abdominal pain in patients referring to general EDs or GI clinics if a positive history of opium abuse exists.
| S-EPMC7201765 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many publications have investigated the ingestion and toxicity of metallic lead from hunting and the shooting sports. However, there is limited literature on toxicity associated with the ingestion of lead fishing weights, despite our knowledge of damage caused to many species from entanglement in lines, nets, and fish-hooks. This paper surveys current knowledge of species poisoned by ingestion of lead fishing gear and the types of gear that have been implicated. We review the impacts of lead fishing tackle on wildlife species and human health and describe the efficacy of efforts to reduce the use of lead tackle through voluntary, educational, and regulatory approaches to encourage adoption of non-toxic fishing gear. The authors emphasize the need for further research and policy initiatives to deal with this serious problem.
| S-EPMC6675807 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLead poisoning is a chronic health condition arising from prolonged ingestion and exposure to lead above permissible limits. Although reported globally, developing countries like India and neighboring countries are amongst the most affected by lead.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate lead poisoning associated with herbal health supplements in a suspected case.Materials and methodsA 31-year-old male reported consuming sixteen different herbal health supplements. The case and supplements were assessed for lead levels. The patient came from one of the metro cities of Uttar Pradesh state, India.ResultsThe blood lead level of the case was found to be 78.40 μg/dL, which was much higher than the permissible limit of ≤5 μg/dL. Moreover, one of the supplements was found to have a very high lead content.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated a case of lead poisoning which was very likely due to high lead content present in one of the supplements. The case had typical neurological signs of lead toxicity such as irritability, frequent headache, mental dullness, generalized pain, muscle weakness, numbness and tingling, and twitching and shaking of the legs while sleeping.Patient consentObtained.Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing financial interests.
| S-EPMC7731492 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundU.S. occupational lead standards have not changed for decades, while knowledge about lead's health effects has grown substantially.ObjectiveThe objective of this analysis was twofold: to estimate the attributable annual societal costs of health damages associated with occupationally lead-exposed U.S. workers and, more broadly, to develop methods for a fuller valuation of health damages.MethodsI combined data voluntarily reported to NIOSH on the number of highly exposed workers with published literature on the health effects of lead in adults to estimate the potential health benefits of lowering the U.S. occupational limit. I developed simple algorithms for monetizing more fully both the direct medical and indirect (productivity) damages associated with those high lead exposures.ResultsI estimated direct medical costs of $141 million (2014US$) per year for 16 categories of health endpoints, and combined direct and indirect costs of over $392 million (2014US$) per year for the 10,000 or so U.S. workers with high occupational lead exposures.ConclusionsReducing allowable occupational lead limits produces annual societal benefits of almost $40,000 per highly exposed worker. Given underreporting of actual exposures and the omission of important health effects, this is likely a severe underestimate.
| S-EPMC4984972 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveBlood lead (B-Pb), one of the most used toxicological biomarker all kind, has serious limitations. Thus, the objective is to evaluate whether plasma lead (P-Pb) is more adequate.MethodsA long-term follow-up study of five cases of lead poisoning. P-Pb was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Kinetics after end of exposure was modelled.ResultsP-Pb at severe poisoning was about 20 ?g/L; haematological effects at about 5 ?g/L. Biological half-time of P-Pb was about 1 month; B-Pb decay was much slower.ConclusionP-Pb is a valuable biomarker of exposure to and risk, particularly at high exposure.
| S-EPMC3299963 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceChildhood lead poisoning causes irreversible neurobehavioral deficits, but current practice is secondary prevention.ObjectiveTo validate a machine learning (random forest) prediction model of elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs) by comparison with a parsimonious logistic regression.Design, setting, and participantsThis prognostic study for temporal validation of multivariable prediction models used data from the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program of the Chicago Department of Public Health. Participants included a development cohort of children born from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2012, and a validation WIC cohort born from January 1 to December 31, 2013. Blood lead levels were measured until December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from January 1 to October 31, 2019.ExposuresBlood lead level test results; lead investigation findings; housing characteristics, permits, and violations; and demographic variables.Main outcomes and measuresIncident EBLL (≥6 μg/dL). Models were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and confusion matrix metrics (positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity) at various thresholds.ResultsAmong 6812 children in the WIC validation cohort, 3451 (50.7%) were female, 3057 (44.9%) were Hispanic, 2804 (41.2%) were non-Hispanic Black, 458 (6.7%) were non-Hispanic White, and 442 (6.5%) were Asian (mean [SD] age, 5.5 [0.3] years). The median year of housing construction was 1919 (interquartile range, 1903-1948). Random forest AUC was 0.69 compared with 0.64 for logistic regression (difference, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08). When predicting the 5% of children at highest risk to have EBLLs, random forest and logistic regression models had positive predictive values of 15.5% and 7.8%, respectively (difference, 7.7%; 95% CI, 3.7%-11.3%), sensitivity of 16.2% and 8.1%, respectively (difference, 8.1%; 95% CI, 3.9%-11.7%), and specificity of 95.5% and 95.1% (difference, 0.4%; 95% CI, 0.0%-0.7%).Conclusions and relevanceThe machine learning model outperformed regression in predicting childhood lead poisoning, especially in identifying children at highest risk. Such a model could be used to target the allocation of lead poisoning prevention resources to these children.
| S-EPMC7495240 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLead is a toxic element of the environment that leads to major complications once it enters the blood stream, affecting multiple organs and systems of the body.MethodsWe present a case of a 6-month-old female infant diagnosed with lead poisoning after presenting for routine child health care. The child's mother denied that the infant had a history of exposure to lead-containing substances. After a month of calcium supplementation, the patient's blood lead level remained elevated. We then tested the blood lead level of the mother and father. The results showed that the blood lead level of the mother was 77.0 μg/L and that of the father was 36.9 μg/L. The high blood lead level of the mother attracted our attention. We found that the mother had been using an external traditional Chinese medicine, Hu Wang Fen, which contains lead. After the mother's discontinuation of use of the traditional medicine, the child was treated with symptomatic treatment and chelation therapy. Subsequently, the patient's blood lead level decreased significantly.ResultsLead toxicity can be a life-threatening problem because of its potential for severe complications. In children, there is no safe blood lead level, and the toxic effects of lead can be prevented by the awareness and avoidance of traditional Chinese medicines that may contain lead.ConclusionEven though the diagnosis of lead poisoning remains difficult in children, it must be taken into consideration by the clinician when treating a child using traditional Chinese medicines.
| S-EPMC10194651 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Success stories showcase a public health program's progress toward achieving population health objectives. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP) develops "success stories" in partnership with state and local cooperative agreement recipients as one way to highlight lead poisoning prevention achievements. Success stories can be used to inform policy makers, stakeholders, and the general public. Over time, the process for collecting and developing CLPPP "successes" has evolved. Early efforts to collect success stories from funded recipients resulted in broad or unfocused reports that diminished the program's perceived impact. CDC's CLPPP revised the approach to success story development in order to better articulate the context, intervention or activity, and results related to programs' successes. The new approach results in stronger products ensuring that both CDC and program recipients can use the success stories to demonstrate achievement of key program objectives. We describe how success stories can be used to identify, chronicle, and mobilize public health program achievements using the example of lead poisoning prevention. Success stories allow programs to increase mission awareness, build stakeholder support, generate community interest, and collectively demonstrate progress toward meeting national program objectives.
| S-EPMC6433369 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Endangered species recovery programs seek to restore populations to self-sustaining levels. Nonetheless, many recovering species require continuing management to compensate for persistent threats in their environment. Judging true recovery in the face of this management is often difficult, impeding thorough analysis of the success of conservation programs. We illustrate these challenges with a multidisciplinary study of one of the world's rarest birds-the California condor (Gymnogyps californianus). California condors were brought to the brink of extinction, in part, because of lead poisoning, and lead poisoning remains a significant threat today. We evaluated individual lead-related health effects, the efficacy of current efforts to prevent lead-caused deaths, and the consequences of any reduction in currently intensive management actions. Our results show that condors in California remain chronically exposed to harmful levels of lead; 30% of the annual blood samples collected from condors indicate lead exposure (blood lead ≥ 200 ng/mL) that causes significant subclinical health effects, measured as >60% inhibition of the heme biosynthetic enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Furthermore, each year, ∼20% of free-flying birds have blood lead levels (≥450 ng/mL) that indicate the need for clinical intervention to avert morbidity and mortality. Lead isotopic analysis shows that lead-based ammunition is the principle source of lead poisoning in condors. Finally, population models based on condor demographic data show that the condor's apparent recovery is solely because of intensive ongoing management, with the only hope of achieving true recovery dependent on the elimination or substantial reduction of lead poisoning rates.
| S-EPMC3396531 | biostudies-literature