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Acute Exercise Bout Effects on GH and IGF1 in Prediabetic and Healthy African Americans

ABSTRACT: The incidence of pre-diabetes (PD) and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a worldwide epidemic. African American (AA) individuals are disproportionately more likely to become diabetic than other ethnic groups. Over the long-term, metabolic complications related to diabetes result in significant alterations in growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Considering the limited exercise-related studies in the area of gene expression changes with disease progression, the objective of this study was to examine differences in exercise-induced gene expression related to the GH and IGF-1 pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy (CON) and PD AA individuals. Design: Ten subjects [5 PD (age=35±9.3 yr, BMI=32.1±4.0, FBG=101.8±1.3 mg/dl) and 5 CON (age=31±9.4 yr, BMI=29.4±5.2, FBG=82.8±9.7 mg/dl)] had blood drawn for RNA isolation prior to exercise (Pre), immediately following acute moderate intensity exercise on a treadmill (Post-1), 6-hours post (Post-6), and 24-hours post (Post-24). Isolation of mRNA from PBMCs was performed using ficoll separation, while the profiling of mRNA expression was performed using beadchip arrays that were scanned and analyzed by a gene expression module. Scan results were statistically analyzed for a specific list of genes related to GH and IGF-1. GH and IGF-1 protein levels were also assessed in each sample. To address issues of normality, all GH and IGF-1 data were log-transformed prior to analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Group differences for GH2 variant 2 (p=0.070) and GH2 variant 3 (p=0.059) were coupled with significant alterations in IGF-1 mRNA over time (p=0.024). A significant interaction between group and time was observed for GHRH mRNA (p=0.008). No group differences were observed in GH AUC (p=0.649), ∆GH (p=0.331), GHrec (p=0.294), or IGF-1 AUC (p=0.865), representing a similar exercise-induced GH and IGF-1 response for both groups. Conclusions: Analysis of GH and IGF-1 related-gene expression indicates that mild elevations in fasting blood glucose and exercise-induced alterations in gene expression are impacted by the prediabetic state.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE101931 | GEO | 2017/07/27

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA395941

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:A longer on-land rearing period of Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata before transfer to sea-cages would allow the farmer to benefit from exercise-enhanced growth and resilience as induced by increasing water flow in the tanks. In this study, the physiological effects of flow-conditioning were investigated by subjecting large groups of experimental fish to minimal flow or to flow regimes inducing swimming exercise at 1 or 2 Body Length (BL) s-1 for a period of 8 months (Feb.-Oct.) in 1,500 l RAS tanks. Fish size after eight months of flow conditioning was 92 ± 27 g body weight (BW) for fish under minimal flow; 106 ± 24 g BW (+15%) at 1 BL s-1, and 125 ± 27 g BW (+36%) at 2 BL s-1. Although flow enhanced growth linearly with swimming speed, the number of malformed fish was significantly higher for swimming at 2 BL s-1 indicating that the mechanical load imposed by exercise was too high for a developing juvenile. Fish representing the three treatment groups were then used for: (1) a stress challenge netting test and plasma cortisol measurement (baseline, peaking and recovery levels); (2) blood plasma measurements of glucose, triglycerides, lactate, cholesterol, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and heart and muscle gene expression of the GH and IGF-I receptors and the muscle transcriptome by deep RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Flow conditioning at 1 BL s-1 provided optimal conditions for growth and stress coping without energetic depletion and morphological deformation. The absence of important differences in plasma GH and IGF-I, and expression levels of the receptors in heart and white skeletal muscle, indicated that other factors may be involved in growth enhancement. RNAseq of the white skeletal muscle showed that transcription regulators play an important role. Also expression of immune genes is strongly up-regulated. Whereas muscle of fish conditioned at 1 BL s-1 shows up-regulated expression of structural genes such as troponins and myosins, muscle of fish conditioned at 2 BL s-1 shows up-regulated expression of skeletal genes instead which may reflect the mechanism behind morphological deformations.

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Acute Exercise Bout Effects on GH and IGF1 in Prediabetic and Healthy African Americans

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