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Transcriptome analyses reveal metabolic syndrome of adulthood with intrauterine growth restriction in a pig model

ABSTRACT: Epidemiological data indicated intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a risk factors for adult metabolic syndrome. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the phenotype in adulthood is not well characterized. Here, the present study employed adult normal and IUGR pigs as models to survey the difference of global gene expression in the liver using transcriptome sequence. The trancriptome libraries generated 104.54 gigabases data, 16,948 and 17,078 genes were expressed in normal and IUGR pigs, repectively. A total of 1,322 differentially expreesion genes (DGEs) were identified. An enrichment analysis of DGEs presented the top overrepresented GO terms and pathway were related to oxidoreductase activity, ATPase activity, amino catabolic process, glucose metabolism and Insulin signaling pathway. Finally, combined their phenotypes and gene expression patterns, we proved the adult IUGR pigs would obstruct the process of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, which induced high oxidation press in adult IUGR. The increased gluconeogenic and decreased glycogen synthesis in liver resulted in reducing the capacity of glucose intolerance in IUGR. The decreased expression of insulin signaling genes (such as PI3K and AKT) implied a risk of diabetes in adult IUGR. Moreover, the capacity of fatty acid oxidation decreased in IUGR liver leaded to high content of triglyceride and free fatty acid in IUGR. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of adult IUGR pigs and valuable information for future studies of therapeutic intervention in IUGR metabolic syndrome.

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE106512 | GEO | 2017/11/04

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA417068

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Physiologically the liver is exposed to higher insulin concentrations than other organs. To evaluate functional consequences of insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus for the liver, we used a genetically engineered pig model of mutant INS gene induced diabetes of youth (MIDY). Liver samples of MIDY pigs and wild-type (WT) littermate controls were analyzed by RNA sequencing, label-free proteomics and targeted metabolomics/lipidomics to reveal pathways and key drivers significantly affected by chronic insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Gene set enrichment analysis of the ~500 transcripts that were differently abundant between MIDY and WT samples revealed pathways related to amino acid metabolism, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis to be enriched in MIDY samples, whereas pathways related to extra cellular matrix and inflammation/pathogen defense response were enriched in the WT samples. Reduced insulin receptor activation and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB, AKT) was associated with markedly increased levels of retinol dehydrogenase 16 (RDH16) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2), the apparent key drivers of stimulated gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in MIDY pigs. Profiling of acylcarnitines provided evidence for increased activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) shuttling fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation and for increased omega-oxidation. In addition, several enzymes involved in amino acid degradation and enzymes of the urea cycle were increased in abundance, consistent with an increased use of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. Transcripts and proteins related to extracellular matrix, such as collagens, and inflammatory/immune mechanisms, such as C-reactive protein, proteins involved in or regulated by Toll-like receptor signaling and components of major histocompatibility complexes, were less abundant in MIDY vs. WT liver samples. Our study provides the first multi-omics analysis of liver in a clinically relevant large animal model for insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus.

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Transcriptome analyses reveal metabolic syndrome of adulthood with intrauterine growth restriction in a pig model

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