Variation in homeodomain DNA-binding revealed by high-resolution analysis of sequence preferences
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): synthetic construct Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE11239 | GEO | 2008/06/20
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA106743
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Most homeodomains are unique within a genome, yet many are highly conserved across vast evolutionary distances, implying strong selection on their precise DNA-binding specificities. We determined the binding preferences of the majority (168) of mouse homeodomains to all possible 8-base sequences, revealing rich and complex patterns of sequence specificity, and showing for the first time that there are at least 65 distinct homeodomain DNA-binding activities. We developed a computational system that successfully predicts binding sites for homeodomain proteins as distant from mouse as Drosophila and C. elegans, and we infer full 8-mer binding profiles for the majority of known animal homeodomains. Our results provide an unprecedented level of resolution in the analysis of this simple domain structure and suggest that variation in sequence recognition may be a factor in its functional diversity and evolutionary success. Keywords: Mouse homeodomain protein binding microarrays 178 Protein binding microarray (PBM) experiments of mouse homeodomains were performed, with 10 proteins done in replicate. Briefly, the PBMs involved binding GST-tagged mouse homeodomains to custom-designed, double-stranded 44K Agilent microarrays in order to determine their sequence preferences. The method is described in Berger et al., Nature Biotechnology 2006. A key feature is that the microarrays are composed of de Bruijn sequences that contain each 10-base sequence once and only once, providing an evenly balanced sequence distribution. Individual de Bruijn sequences have different properties, including representation of gapped patterns. The array sequences as well as the primary array data are available via a EULA at http://the_brain.bwh.harvard.edu/pbms/webworks2/. Here we provide the data transformed into median intensities (after normalization and detrending of the original array data) for all 32,896 8-base sequences, Z-scores for these intensities, and E-scores. E-scores are a modified version of AUC, and describe how well each 8-mer ranks the intensities of the spots. In general the E-scores are slightly more reproducible than Z-scores, but contain less information about relative binding affinity. Additional experimental details are found in Berger et al., Nature Biotechnology 2006, Berger et al., Cell 2008, and the accompanying Supplementary information.
2010-06-26 | E-GEOD-11239 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In many metazons, such as humans and Drosophila, homeodomain proteins comprise the second largest family of sequence specific transcription factors. In Drosophila, homeodomains play an important role in development. Many homeodomain proteins display a high level of homology across metazons, presumably due to importance of their functional roles. We comprehensively characterized the DNA binding preferences of all 84 Drosophila homeodomain transcription factors which contain a single DNA binding domain. Previously, we employed a bacterial one hybrid (B1H) assay to select for 20 to 40 high affinity transcription factor binding sites [Noyes et al. (2008). Cell. 133(7):1277-1289]. In this system, E. coli are transfected with two plasmids. One plasmid encodes the DNA binding domain of a homeodomain fused to two zinc finger domains and the omega subunit of RNAP. The other plasmid is drawn from a library of prey plasmids which contain a 10bp randomized transcription factor binding site (TFBS) region in the promoter of the reporter gene His3. The E. coli strain used is a His3 homolog and omega subunit knock out strain. If a transcription factor has high affinity for a TFBS, more His3 will be produced, leading to the production of more histidine and an increase in the growth rate. If the transcription factor does not bind with sufficient affinity to the TFBS, little or no histidine will be produced resulting in little or no growth. The stringency of the B1H system can be tuned using the chemicals IPTG and 3-AT. IPTG induces production of the chimeric transcription factor, and 3-AT is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme encoded by His3. One of the advantages of the B1H system is that the transcription factor does not have to be purified and that many experiments can be easily conducted in parallel. In this study, in stead of picking 20 to 40 colonies and sequencing their TFBSs, we used high-throughput Illumina sequencing to sequence the selected sites of all of the colonies growing on a plate. This provided quantitative data regarding the growth rate of cells possessing each selected TFBS variant, which is a function of the affinity of the transcription factor for the binding site. With this quantitative data, we can build more accurate models of transcription factor binding. All 84 of the Drosophila homeodomain proteins that contain a single DNA binding domain were analyzed using the B1H assay. The same selection stringency was used for all experiments (10uM IPTG and 5mM 3-AT). All experiments were run for 36 to 48 hours. 10 mutants were also assayed: 3 Caup, 3 Bcd and 4 En mutants. The bait plasmid omegaUV2zf was used in all but 3 cases. In this instances, a slightly different bait plasmid, omegaUV5zf, with a stronger promoter was used. Thirty different replicates were performed in order to insure that sufficient number of reads were obtained for each protein. In total, 126 experiments were performed.
2010-11-13 | E-GEOD-25312 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In many metazons, such as humans and Drosophila, homeodomain proteins comprise the second largest family of sequence specific transcription factors. In Drosophila, homeodomains play an important role in development. Many homeodomain proteins display a high level of homology across metazons, presumably due to importance of their functional roles. We comprehensively characterized the DNA binding preferences of all 84 Drosophila homeodomain transcription factors which contain a single DNA binding domain. Previously, we employed a bacterial one hybrid (B1H) assay to select for 20 to 40 high affinity transcription factor binding sites [Noyes et al. (2008). Cell. 133(7):1277-1289]. In this system, E. coli are transfected with two plasmids. One plasmid encodes the DNA binding domain of a homeodomain fused to two zinc finger domains and the omega subunit of RNAP. The other plasmid is drawn from a library of prey plasmids which contain a 10bp randomized transcription factor binding site (TFBS) region in the promoter of the reporter gene His3. The E. coli strain used is a His3 homolog and omega subunit knock out strain. If a transcription factor has high affinity for a TFBS, more His3 will be produced, leading to the production of more histidine and an increase in the growth rate. If the transcription factor does not bind with sufficient affinity to the TFBS, little or no histidine will be produced resulting in little or no growth. The stringency of the B1H system can be tuned using the chemicals IPTG and 3-AT. IPTG induces production of the chimeric transcription factor, and 3-AT is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme encoded by His3. One of the advantages of the B1H system is that the transcription factor does not have to be purified and that many experiments can be easily conducted in parallel. In this study, in stead of picking 20 to 40 colonies and sequencing their TFBSs, we used high-throughput Illumina sequencing to sequence the selected sites of all of the colonies growing on a plate. This provided quantitative data regarding the growth rate of cells possessing each selected TFBS variant, which is a function of the affinity of the transcription factor for the binding site. With this quantitative data, we can build more accurate models of transcription factor binding.
2010-11-13 | GSE25312 | GEO
Project description:Eukaryotic transcription factors (TFs) form complexes with various partner proteins to recognize their genomic target sites. Yet, how the DNA sequence determines which TF complex forms at any given site is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that high-throughput in vitro DNA binding assays coupled with unbiased computational analysis provide unprecedented insight into how different DNA sequences select distinct compositions and configurations of homeodomain TF complexes. Using inferred knowledge about minor groove width readout, we design targeted protein mutations that destabilize homeodomain binding both in vitro and in vivo in a complex-specific manner. By performing parallel systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment sequencing (SELEX-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and Hi-C assays, we not only classify the majority of in vivo binding events in terms of complex composition but also infer complex-specific functions by perturbing the gene regulatory network controlled by a single complex.
2020-01-27 | GSE125604 | GEO
Project description:Homeodomains (HDs) are the second largest class of DNA binding domains (DBDs) in eukaryotic sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) and are the TF structural class with the largest number of disease mutations in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). Despite numerous structural studies and large-scale analyses of HD DNA binding specificity, HD-DNA recognition is still not fully understood. Here, we analyzed 92 human HD mutants, including disease-associated variants and variants of unknown significance (VUS), for their effects on DNA binding activity. Many of the variants altered DNA binding affinity and/or specificity. Structural analysis identified 14 novel specificity-determining positions, 5 of which do not contact DNA. The same missense substitution at analogous positions within different HDs exhibited different effects on DNA binding activity. Variant effect prediction tools perform moderately well in distinguishing variants with altered DNA binding affinity, but poorly in identifying those with altered binding specificity. Our results highlight the need for biochemical assays of TF coding variants and promote dozens of variants for further investigations into their pathogenicity and the development of clinical diagnostics and precision therapies.
2023-12-05 | GSE233827 | GEO
Project description:The largest and most diverse class of eukaryotic transcription factors contain Cys2-His2 zinc fingers (C2H2-ZFs), each of which typically binds a DNA nucleotide triplet within a larger binding site. Frequent recombination and diversification of their DNA-contacting residues suggests that these zinc fingers play a prevalent role in adaptive evolution. Very little is known about the function and evolution of the vast majority of C2H2-ZFs, including whether they even bind DNA. Using the bacterial 1-hybrid (B1H) system, we determined DNA-binding motifs for thousands of individual natural C2H2-ZFs, and correlated them with C2H2-ZF specificity residues. The data reported here includes results of protein-binding microarray (PBM) assays for 146 of these natural C2H2-ZFs, performed in order to validate B1H assays and to explore the DNA-binding specificity of C2H2-ZFs. Protein binding microarray (PBM) experiments were performed for a set of 185 variants of mouse Egr1 in which the third zinc finger was replaced by different C2H2-ZFs from different organisms. Briefly, the PBMs involved binding GST-tagged DNA-binding proteins to two double-stranded 44K Agilent microarrays, each containing a different DeBruijn sequence design, in order to determine their sequence preferences. Details of the PBM protocol are described in Berger et al., Nature Biotechnology 2006. Among the 185 variants examined, 146 variants yielded motifs in PBMs, which are included here.
2015-02-17 | E-GEOD-52520 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:LEUTX is a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in the very early embryo with a function around embryonic genome activation. The LEUTX gene is found only in eutherian mammals, including humans, but unlike the majority of homeobox genes, the encoded amino acid sequence is very different between divergent mammalian species. However, whether dynamic evolution has also occurred between closely related mammalian species remains unclear. In this work, we perform a comparative genomics study of LEUTX within the primates, revealing dramatic evolutionary sequence change between closely related species. Positive selection has acted on sites in the LEUTX protein, including six sites within the homeodomain; this suggests that selection may have driven changes in the set of downstream targets. Transfection into cell culture followed by transcriptomic analysis reveals small functional differences between human and marmoset LEUTX, suggesting rapid sequence evolution has fine-tuned the role of this homeodomain protein within the primates.
2023-02-06 | GSE224384 | GEO
Project description:Study of the POU-homeodomain transcription factor, has revealed that, binding of Pit1-occupied enhancers to a nuclear matrin-3-rich network/architecture is a key event in effective activation of the Pit1-regulated enhancer / coding gene transcriptional program. All ChIP-seq(s) were designed to understand the unique features, associated molecular mechanisms and functions of Matrin3 in the Homeodomain transcription study. Gro-seq Samples are used to detect gene expression between knockdown control and knockdown two key factors in our study.
2014-08-03 | E-GEOD-58009 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To investigate the DNA-binding property of homeodomain-like domain of Plasmodium berghei HDP1, DNA immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (DIP-seq) analysis were performed. Recombinant homeodomain-like domain fused with glutathione S-transferase were mixed with the P. berghei genomic DNA fragmented via sonication, and protein-DNA complex was harvested using glutathione-sepharose resin. The obtained DNA fragments were sequenced via the next generation sequencing.
2024-02-25 | GSE256093 | GEO
Project description:Study of the POU-homeodomain transcription factor, has revealed that, binding of Pit1-occupied enhancers to a nuclear matrin-3-rich network/architecture is a key event in effective activation of the Pit1-regulated enhancer / coding gene transcriptional program.
2014-08-03 | GSE58009 | GEO