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Sex-specific gene regulation in malaria parasites by an AP2 Family Transcription Factor

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Plasmodium berghei ANKA

PROVIDER: GSE114096 | GEO | 2019/05/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Sex-specific gene regulation in malaria parasites by an AP2 Family Transcription Factor [Agilent]

Project description:Malaria gametocytes, the precursors of gametes, is the stage essential for malaria transmission to the mosquito vector. In the circulation they arise from asexual erythrocytic stages and then develop into mature females and males. Identification of sex-specific transcription factors is a key to understand biology of this stage. However, despite of intensive studies, none of them have been identified yet. In this paper we report an AP2 family transcription factor AP2-FG is responsible for female-specific gene expression.

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Project description:Sex-specific gene regulation in malaria parasites by an AP2 Family Transcription Factor

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Malaria parasite transcription repressor AP2-O3 regulates sex-specific identity of gene expression in female gametocytes

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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Genome-Wide Identification of the Target Genes of AP2-O, a Plasmodium AP2-Family Transcription Factor.

Project description:Stage-specific transcription is a fundamental biological process in the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite. Proteins containing the AP2 DNA-binding domain are responsible for stage-specific transcriptional regulation and belong to the only known family of transcription factors in Plasmodium parasites. Comprehensive identification of their target genes will advance our understanding of the molecular basis of stage-specific transcriptional regulation and stage-specific parasite development. AP2-O is an AP2 family transcription factor that is expressed in the mosquito midgut-invading stage, called the ookinete, and is essential for normal morphogenesis of this stage. In this study, we identified the genome-wide target genes of AP2-O by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and elucidate how this AP2 family transcription factor contributes to the formation of this motile stage. The analysis revealed that AP2-O binds specifically to the upstream genomic regions of more than 500 genes, suggesting that approximately 10% of the parasite genome is directly regulated by AP2-O. These genes are involved in distinct biological processes such as morphogenesis, locomotion, midgut penetration, protection against mosquito immunity and preparation for subsequent oocyst development. This direct and global regulation by AP2-O provides a model for gene regulation in Plasmodium parasites and may explain how these parasites manage to control their complex life cycle using a small number of sequence-specific AP2 transcription factors.

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Characterization of the APETALA2/Ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor family in sunflower.

Project description:One of the most prominent families of genes in plants is the AP2/ERF which play an important role in regulating plant growth and responses to various stresses. In this research, a genome-wide survey was conducted to recognize the AP2/ERF genes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and a total of 288 HaAP2/ERF was obtained. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into four sub-families, including 248 ERF, 4 RAV and 35 AP2, and one subgroup of the Soloist family. Localization of chromosome, gene structure, the conserved motif, gene ontology, interaction networks, homology modeling, the modeling of cis-regulatory elements and the analysis of events in the duplication of genes were carried out for HaAP2/ERF genes. Finally, 9AP2/ERF genes were chosen to confirm the gene expression of the selected genes in leaf and root tissues in various abiotic stress conditions by qPCR. The results confirmed that AP2/ERFs genes could effectively resist abiotic stress. Also, proline content was studied under drought, salinity, cold and heat stress. The results indicated that proline was increased under abiotic stress. This research has been done for the first time to determine the HaAP2/ERF family, which prepared valuable data for the evolutionary and practical research regarding AP2/ERF in sunflower.

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Identification of ERF-1 as a member of the AP2 transcription factor family.

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Plasmodium transcription repressor AP2-O3 regulates sex-specific identity of gene expression in female gametocytes.

Project description:Male and female gametocytes are sexual precursor cells essential for mosquito transmission of malaria parasite. Differentiation of gametocytes into fertile gametes (known as gametogenesis) relies on the gender-specific transcription program. How the parasites establish distinct repertoires of transcription in the male and female gametocytes remains largely unknown. Here, we report that an Apetala2 family transcription factor AP2-O3 operates as a transcription repressor in the female gametocytes. AP2-O3 is specifically expressed in the female gametocytes. AP2-O3-deficient parasites produce apparently normal female gametocytes. Nevertheless, these gametocytes fail to differentiate into fully fertile female gametes, leading to developmental arrest in fertilization and early development post-fertilization. AP2-O3 disruption causes massive upregulation of transcriptionally dormant male genes and simultaneously downregulation of highly transcribed female genes in the female gametocytes. AP2-O3 targets a substantial proportion of the male genes by recognizing an 8-base DNA motif. In addition, the maternal AP2-O3 is removed after fertilization, which is required for the zygote to ookinete development. Therefore, the global transcriptional repression of the male genes in the female gametocytes is required for safeguarding female-specific transcriptome and essential for the mosquito transmission of Plasmodium.

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