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Transcriptional and metabolomic analyses implicate cell wall changes are associated with drought tolerance in Brachypodium distachyon.

ABSTRACT: Brachypodium distachyon as an annual species that colonises broken ground is a highly appropriate model to define drought tolerance mechanisms. We have previously identified accessions exhibiting drought tolerance, high susceptibility and intermediate tolerance to drought; respectively, ABR8, KOZ1 and ABR4, from a screen of 138 genotypes. To define the mechanisms of tolerance, the responses to drought were assessed using transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. Analysis of RNA-seq before and following drought suggested relatively few differentially expressed genes in ABR8. Linking these to gene ontology (GO) terms revealed an enrichment for biological processes related to “regulated stress response”, “plant cell wall” and “oxidative stress”. Interestingly, drought tolerance also appeared to correlate with pre-existing differences in gene expression linked to GO terms associated with the cell wall. These included glycoside hydrolases involved in cell wall remodelling, pectin methylesterases, expansins and a pectin acetylesterase. Metabolomic assessments of the same samples also indicated few statistically significant changes in ABR8 with drought. Instead, pre-existing differences in the cell-wall associated metabolites appeared to correlate with drought tolerance. Our data suggests two different modes/levels at which cell wall characteristics can play a role in conferring drought tolerance: (i) an active response mode/level which involves stress induced changes in cell wall features to help the plant cope with drought and (ii) an intrinsic mode in which innate differences in cell wall composition and architecture between genotypes are important in determining tolerance to drought stress. Both modes seem to contribute to the drought tolerance of ABR8. Identification of the exact mechanisms through which the cell wall confers drought tolerance will be important to fully exploit the contribution of the cell wall in the development of drought tolerant cereals and other grasses.

ORGANISM(S): Brachypodium distachyon

PROVIDER: GSE126992 | GEO | 2019/04/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a relevant crop cultivated over the world, largely in water insufficiency vulnerable areas. Since drought is the main environmental factor restraining worldwide crop production, efforts have been invested to amend drought tolerance in commercial common bean varieties. However, scarce molecular data are available for those cultivars of P. vulgaris with drought tolerance attributes. As a first approach, Pinto Saltillo (PS), Azufrado Higuera (AH), and Negro Jamapa Plus (NP) were assessed phenotypically and physiologically to determine the outcome in response to drought on these common bean cultivars. Based on this, a Next-generation sequencing approach was applied to PS, which was the most drought-tolerant cultivar to determine the molecular changes at the transcriptional level. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed that numerous PS genes are dynamically modulated by drought. In brief, 1005 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, from which 645 genes were up-regulated by drought stress, whereas 360 genes were down-regulated. Further analysis showed that the enriched categories of the up-regulated genes in response to drought fit to processes related to carbohydrate metabolism (polysaccharide metabolic processes), particularly genes encoding proteins located within the cell periphery (cell wall dynamics). In the case of down-regulated genes, heat shock-responsive genes, mainly associated with protein folding, chloroplast, and oxidation-reduction processes were identified. Our findings suggest that secondary cell wall (SCW) properties contribute to P. vulgaris L. drought tolerance through alleviation or mitigation of drought-induced osmotic disturbances, making cultivars more adaptable to such stress. Altogether, the knowledge derived from this study is significant for a forthcoming understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance on common bean, especially for drought-tolerant cultivars such as PS.

Project description:To discover new mutants conferring enhanced tolerance to drought stress, we screened a mutagenized rice (O. sativa) population (cv. IAPAR9) and identified a mutant, named idr1-1 (for increased drought resistance 1-1), with obviously increased drought tolerance under upland field conditions. The idr1-1 mutant possessed a significantly enhanced ability to tolerate high-drought stresses. Map-based cloning revealed that the gene LOC_Os05g26890 (corresponding to D1 or RGA1 gene), residing in the mapping region of IDR1 locus, carried a single-base deletion in idr1-1 mutant. IDR1 protein was localized in nucleus and to plasma membrane or cell periphery. Further investigations indicated that the significantly increased drought tolerance in idr1-1 mutant stemmed from a range of physiological and morphological changes, including greater leaf potentials, increased proline contents, heightened leaf thickness, and upregulation of antioxidant-synthesizing and drought-induced genes, etc., under drought-stressed conditions. Especially, ROS production might be remarkably impaired, while ROS-scavenging ability appeared to be markedly enhanced as a result of significantly elevated expression of ROS-scavenging enzyme genes in idr1-1 mutant under drought-stressed conditions. Besides, idr1-1 mutant showed reduced expression of OsBRD1. Altogether, these results suggest that mutation of IDR1 leads to alterations of multiple layers of regulations, which ultimately confers obviously enhanced drought tolerance to the idr1-1 mutant.localized in nucleus and to plasma membrane or cell periphery. Further investigations indicated that the significantly increased drought tolerance in idr1-1 mutant stemmed from a range of physiological and morphological changes, including greater leaf potentials, increased proline contents, heightened leaf thickness, and upregulation of antioxidant-synthesizing and drought-induced genes, etc., under drought-stressed conditions. Especially, ROS production might be remarkably impaired, while ROS-scavenging ability appeared to be markedly enhanced as a result of significantly elevated expression of ROS-scavenging enzyme genes in idr1-1 mutant under drought-stressed conditions. Besides, idr1-1 mutant showed reduced expression of OsBRD1. Altogether, these results suggest that mutation of IDR1 leads to alterations of multiple layers of regulations, which ultimately confers obviously enhanced drought tolerance to the idr1-1 mutant.

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Transcriptional and metabolomic analyses implicate cell wall changes are associated with drought tolerance in Brachypodium distachyon.

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