EMP2 functions as a novel target for breast cancer stem cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE134522 | GEO | 2019/11/30
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:EMP2 functions as a novel target for breast cancer stem cells
| PRJNA555483 | ENA
Project description:Previous studies have suggested that overexpression of the oncogenic protein epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) correlates with endometrial carcinoma progression and ultimately poor survival from disease. To understand the role of EMP2 in the etiology of disease, gene analysis was performed to show transcripts that are reciprocally regulated by EMP2 levels. In particular, EMP2 expression correlates with and helps regulate the expression of several cancer stem cell associated markers including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1).
2018-01-01 | GSE92886 | GEO
Project description:Background: Granzyme B (GrB) is a key effector molecule, delivered by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells during immune surveillance to induce cell death. Fusion proteins and immunoconjugates represent an innovative therapeutic approach to specifically deliver a deadly payload to target cells. Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is highly expressed in invasive breast cancer, including triple negative breast cancer, and represents an attractive therapeutic target. Methods: We designed a novel fusion protein (GrB-Fc-KS49) composed of an active GrB fused to an anti-EMP2 single chain antibody tethered through the IgG heavy chain (Fc) domain. The protein was expressed by HEK-293E cells. We assessed the construct’s GrB enzymatic activity, anti-EMP2 binding affinity, cytotoxicity against a panel of breast cancer cells, pharmacokinetics, toxicity profile, and in vivo efficacy. Results: GrB-Fc-KS49 exhibited comparable GrB enzymatic activity to commercial GrB, as well as high affinity to an EMP2 peptide, with the dissociation constant in the picomolar range. The fusion protein rapidly internalized into EMP2+ breast cancer cells and showed in vitro cytotoxicity to cell lines expressing surface EMP2, with IC50 values below 100 nM for most positive lines. Ex vivo stability at an elevated temperature (37°C) indicated a half-life exceeding 96h while in vivo pharmacokinetics indicated a bi-exponential plasma clearance, with a moderate initial clearance (t1/2α = 18.4 h) and a much slower terminal clearance rate (t1/2β = 73.1 h). No significant differences between the vehicle control and the GrB-Fc-KS49 was detectable in a Chem16 toxicity panel. In vivo efficacy against a TNBC syngeneic mouse model EMT6 mouse model resulted in a reduction in cell proliferation compared to controls (p=0.02). Treatment using a second syngeneic model (4T1/FLuc) confirmed these results and resulted in a dramatic reduction in cell proliferation (p = 0.001) and increase in cell death by TUNEL (p=0.02) compared to controls. In addition to a significant impact on cell proliferation (p=0.005), GrB-Fc-KS49 treatment also resulted in a dramatic increase of tumor infiltrating CD45+ cells (p=0.002), and redistribution of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which was confirmed by transcriptomic analysis of tumors post treatment. Conclusions: GrB-Fc-KS49 showed high specificity to EMP2 and cytotoxicity towards EMP2 positive cells. In vivo, GrB-Fc-KS49 reduced tumor burden by direct targeting as well as increasing recruitment of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that GrB-Fc-KS49 is a promising therapeutic for further development against breast cancer.
2024-06-22 | GSE270203 | GEO
Project description:Self-renewal and differentiation are two epigenetic programs that regulate pluripotency of stem cells. During oncogenesis, dysregulation of these two programs leads to the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we used a pan genomic promoter microarray to determine the DNA methylation portrait of breast cancer stem cells (bCSC) compared to non-bCSC
2015-01-01 | E-MTAB-2236 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is a tetraspan protein predicted to regulateplacental development. Highly expressed in secretory endometrium and trophectoderm cells, previous studies suggest that it may regulate implantation by orchestrating the surface expression of integrins and other membrane proteins. In order to confirm the role of EMP2 in pregnancy, mice lacking EMP2 (Emp2-/- ) were generated. These animals are fertile but have reduced litter sizes. Moreover, their placentas exhibit dysregulation in pathways related to neoangiogenesis, coagulation, and oxidative stress, and have increased fibrin deposition and altered vasculature. Given that these findings often occur due to placental insufficiency resulting in an oxygen-poor environment, expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) was examined. Emp2-/- animals have reduced HIF-1α expression within cells of trophoblast origin. However, they appear to have a compensatory increase in uterine NK (uNK) cells, demonstrating a unique interplay between uNK cells and trophoblasts modulated through EMP2. To determine if these results translated to human pregnancy, placentas from normal, term deliveries or those complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were stained for EMP2. EMP2 was significantly reduced in both villous and extravillous trophoblast populations in IUGR placentas. Experiments in vitro using human trophoblast cells lines indicate that EMP2 modulates angiogenesis by altering HIF-1a expression. Our results reveal a novel role for EMP2 in regulating trophoblast function and vascular development in conditions of altered oxygen availability in mice and humans and suggest it may be a novel biomarker for placental insufficiency.
2017-02-23 | GSE81940 | GEO
Project description:Pathologic retinal neovascularization is a potentially blinding consequence seen in many common diseases including diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal vascular occlusive diseases, among others. The use of therapeutics targeting pro-angiogenesis factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has proven to be highly effective, however considerable side effects exist and serial anti-VEGF treatment has been shown to decrease effectiveness over time. Characterization of additional regulators of neovascularization is needed to further understand neovascular disease and identify possible new therapeutic targets. This study investigates epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) and its role as a possible modulator of angiogenesis in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) under hypoxia. EMP2 is highly expressed in human RPE and RPE cell lines. Adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19 (ARPE-19) cells were genetically modified to either overexpress EMP2 (OE) or knock down EMP2 (KD) and expression at the RNA and protein level was evaluated using RNA sequencing and western blot respectively. Protein expression was evaluated under both normoxic conditions and conditions of hypoxic stress with 0.5% O2. EMP2 expression was found to positively correlate with expression of the pro-angiogenesis factors hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1a) and VEGF for both RNA and protein. EMP2 mediated changes in ARPE-19 cells was also found to alter the secretion of a paracrine factor(s) in conditioned media that can regulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation in in vitro functional angiogenesis assays. This study identifies EMP2 as a potentially important mediator of angiogenesis in the human RPE, a tissue involved in abnormal retinal neovascularization in a number of diseases. EMP2 levels positively correlate with those of the potent pro-angiogenesis mediators HIF-1a and VEGF, however the mechanism of this relationship remains to be clarified. This study supports further investigation of EMP2 as a promising novel target for therapeutic treatment of pathologic neovascularization in the retina.
2020-06-03 | GSE151610 | GEO
Project description:Breast cancer stem cells (bCSCs) have been implicated in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms that define bCSC-state are unclear. We have performed concurrent human miRNome-wide gain- and loss-of-function screens to identify switcher miRNAs controling the choice between bCSC self-renewal and differentiation. These analysis enlightened miR-600 whose silencing resulted in bCSC expansion. Mechanistically, miR-600 targets the stearoyl desaturase 1 (SCD1), an enzyme required to produce active, lipid-modified WNT proteins. To explore further miR-600 interactions and WNT-pathway, SUM159 cell line constructions were made and FACS-sorted to select the bCSCs. We compared gene expression profiles from native, miR-600 'over-expressed', miR-600'knock-down' and siSCD1 bCSCs. We showed that in the absence of miR-600, WNT signaling is maintained active and promotes self-renewal, whereas overexpression of miR-600 inhibits the production of active WNT proteins and promotes bCSC differentiation. These findings highlight a miR-600-centered signaling network that governs bCSC-fate decision and influences tumor progression.
2020-08-25 | E-MTAB-5393 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that tumors are maintained by a self-renewing CSC population that is also capable of differentiating into non-self renewing cell populations that constitute the bulk of the tumor. Targeting breast CSC (BCSC) self-renewal represents an avenue for developing therapeutics; however, the molecular mechanisms that govern self-renewal of BCSCs are poorly understood. Our data show the small molecule ID8 decreases overall cell growth, but increases the self-renewal of Aldefluor+ BCSCs and increases functional metastatic BCSCs in a xenograft model. Microarray analysis showed that ID8 is a pleotropic molecule by increasing numerous pathways, including cytokines and chemokines. However, inhibition of those pathways does not abrogate the ID8-induced increase in Aldefluor+ BCSCs. Rather, ID8 is able to activate MAPK pathway through upregulation of the scaffold protein LAMTOR3 and inhibition of MEK prevented the increase in Aldefluor+ BCSCs. By using ID8 as a molecular tool, we identified a new function of the MAPK pathway in regulating BCSC growth and self-renewal.
2016-11-01 | GSE80213 | GEO
Project description:Here we established two tumor tissue-derived long-term-cultured breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). RNA extraction and microarray analysis total RNA from BCSC treating with G1, G15, or control (Ctrl) for 48 hr were extracted using Trizol Reagent. Important significant differences of cDNA genes were identified. (The G1-treated group was designed as \\"12\\", the control group was \\"11\\" (raw data: 11 and 12; processed data: BCSC-G1). Similarly, the G15-treated study group was defined as \\"14\\", the control group was \\"13\\" (raw data: 13 and 14; processed data: BCSC-G15).
2017-09-04 | E-MTAB-5057 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We treated breast cancer stemm cells (BCSC) with a KDM4 inhibitor
2017-12-15 | GSE95293 | GEO