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Nucleosomes protect DNA from irradiation-induced double strand breaks in living cells (RNA-seq)

ABSTRACT: The depletion of HMGB1 reduces the deposition of histones on naked DNA (Celona et al, 2011). in primary MEFs and yeast. We verified that the downmodulation of HMGB1 decreases histone level also in a model of murine mesothelioma. HMGB1 was KD in Murine Mesothelioma AB22 cells by the expression of a shRNA. Nucleosome positioning and occupancy were tested by ATAC-seq. Since a reduced amount of nucleosomes increase the cell sensitivity to gamma irradiatio, we tested the number and position of breaks using BLISS-seq.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE134795 | GEO | 2020/07/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Nucleosomes protect DNA from irradiation-induced double strand breaks in living cells (BLISS)

Project description:The depletion of HMGB1 reduces the deposition of histones on naked DNA (Celona et al, 2011). in primary MEFs and yeast. We verified that the downmodulation of HMGB1 decreases histone level also in a model of murine mesothelioma. HMGB1 was KD in Murine Mesothelioma AB22 cells by the expression of a shRNA. Nucleosome positioning and occupancy were tested by ATAC-seq. Since a reduced amount of nucleosomes increase the cell sensitivity to gamma irradiatio, we tested the number and position of breaks using BLISS-seq.

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Nucleosomes protect DNA from irradiation-induced double strand breaks in living cells (ATAC-seq)

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Nucleosomes protect DNA from irradiation-induced double strand breaks in living cells [BLISS human]

Project description:The number and position of breaks using BLISS-seq was measured in MCF-7 cells upon irradiation with 10 Gy and with or without the use of the antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine, NAC, 10mM).

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Nucleosomes protect DNA from irradiation-induced double strand breaks in living cells (BLISS)

Project description:Nucleosomes protect DNA from irradiation-induced double strand breaks in living cells (BLISS)

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Nucleosomes protect DNA from irradiation-induced double strand breaks in living cells

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Immunopeptidomics of malignant mesothelioma to identify target antigens for T cell Immunotherapy

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MNase-Seq of isolated mono-nucleosomes from strains W303 (wild-type) and htz1∆.

Project description:Chromatin transactions are typically studied in vivo, or in vitro using artificial chromatin lacking the epigenetic complexity of the natural material. Attempting to bridge the gap between these approaches, we established a system for isolating the yeast genome as a library of mono-nucleosomes harbouring the natural epigenetic signature, suitable for biochemical manipulation. Combined with deep sequencing, this library was used to investigate the stability of individual nucleosomes, and – as proof of principle - the nucleosome preference of the chromatin remodeling complex, RSC. In order to generate a library of native yeast nucleosomes, we developed a three-step purification protocol: first, purified yeast nuclei were incubated with micrococcal nuclease (MNase), which preferentially digests naked DNA to generate short chromatin fragments. The resulting fragments were extracted from the nuclei, then bound to and eluted from DEAE sepharose. This was followed by ultracentrifugation through a sucrose gradient to separate the fragments by length to further remove contaminating proteins and free DNA. We chose a simple disassembly assay, which involves incubating the nucleosome library with ATP and the histone chaperone Nap1, with or without RSC. In this assay, RSC binds to nucleosomes and transfers the histones to Nap1, thereby releasing ‘naked’ DNA. Under certain conditions, reaction intermediates can be observed (tetramers or hexasomes), but for simplicity we chose to compare the input nucleosomes with the final naked DNA product. To separate the RSC-dependent released DNA from the non-remodeled nucleosomes, the reactions were subjected to native agarose gel electrophoresis, and DNA of the four bands isolated by gel-extraction. The upper bands, harboring nucleosomes, were named NUC (no RSC) and NUCR (with RSC), whereas the lower, ‘naked’ DNA bands were named DNA (no RSC) and DNAR (with RSC).

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Nucleosomes protect DNA from DNA methylation in vivo and in vitro.

Project description:Positioned nucleosomes limit the access of proteins to DNA. However, the impact of nucleosomes on DNA methylation in vitro and in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of nucleosome binding and nucleosomal DNA methylation by the de novo methyltransferases. We show that compared to linker DNA, nucleosomal DNA is largely devoid of CpG methylation. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling frees nucleosomal CpG dinucleotides and renders the remodelled nucleosome a 2-fold better substrate for Dnmt3a methyltransferase compared to free DNA. These results reflect the situation in vivo, as quantification of nucleosomal DNA methylation levels in HeLa cells shows a 2-fold decrease of nucleosomal DNA methylation levels compared to linker DNA. Our findings suggest that nucleosomal positions are stably maintained in vivo and nucleosomal occupancy is a major determinant of global DNA methylation patterns in vivo.

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Nucleosomes protect DNA from irradiation-induced double strand breaks in living cells

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