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WT and dTLec1-1 plants systemic wounding

ABSTRACT: Innate immune responses in animals and plants involve receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecules. In animals, activation of the Toll-NFkappaB pathway involves the recruitment of a series of TIR-domain containing adaptors that activate NFkappaB transcription factors. Plants contain many TIR modules as part of a large multi-gene TIR-NBS-LRR R-gene innate immune defense system as well as TIR-motif containing genes that lack LRR and whose functions are unknown. Molecular interactions for any TIR module signaling pathway has yet to be shown. Here we investigated the functional role of a TIR module linked to a lectin-containing motif, TIR-Lec1 (TLec1). We show that TLec1 acts as a positive modulator of the systemic JA-dependent wound response. TLec1 transcripts are rapidly induced in a JA-independent pathway and insertional mutants that TLec1 transcripts fail to show the full systemic wound response

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE13895 | GEO | 2013/05/07

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA110301

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Intracellular signaling regulators can be concentrated into membrane-free, higher-ordered protein assemblies to initiate protective responses during stress — a process known as phase transition. Here, we show that a phase transition of the Caenorhabditis elegans Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain protein (TIR-1), an NAD+ glycohydrolase homologous to mammalian sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1), underlies p38 PMK-1 immune pathway activation in C. elegans intestinal epithelial cells. Through visualization of fluorescently labeled TIR-1/SARM1 protein, we demonstrate for the first time that physiologic stresses, both pathogen and non-pathogen, induce multimerization of TIR-1/SARM1 into visible puncta within intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro enzyme kinetic analyses revealed that, like mammalian SARM1, the NAD+ glycohydrolase activity of C. elegans TIR-1 is dramatically potentiated by protein oligomerization and a phase transition. Accordingly, C. elegans with genetic mutations that specifically block either multimerization or the NAD+ glycohydrolase activity of TIR-1/SARM1 fail to induce p38 PMK phosphorylation, are unable to increase immune effector expression, and are dramatically susceptible to bacterial infection. Finally, we demonstrate that low cholesterol stress causes TIR-1/SARM1 to oligomerize into puncta in intestinal epithelial cells and engages its NAD+ glycohydrolase activity, which increases p38 PMK-1 phosphorylation, and primes immune effector induction in a manner that leads to reduced pathogen accumulation in the intestine during a subsequent infection. These data reveal a new adaptive response that allows a metazoan host to anticipate pathogen threats during micronutrient deprivation, a time of relative susceptibility to infection. Thus, a phase transition of TIR-1/SARM1 as a prerequisite for its NAD+ glycohydrolase activity is strongly conserved across millions of years of evolution and is essential for diverse physiological processes in multiple cell types.

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WT and dTLec1-1 plants systemic wounding

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