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Profiling of the immune microenvironment in FL [PanCancer Immune Profiling]

ABSTRACT: Tumor cells orchestrate their microenvironment. Here, we provide biochemical, structural, functional and clinical evidence that Cathepsin S (CTSS) alterations induce a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment in follicular lymphoma (FL). We found CTSS mutations at Y132 in 6% of FL (19/305). Another 13% (37/286) had CTSS amplification, which was associated with higher CTSS expression. CTSS Y132 mutations lead to accelerated autocatalytic conversion from pro-CTSS to active CTSS and increase substrate cleavage, including CD74 which regulates MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation. Lymphoma cells with hyperactive CTSS more efficiently activated antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells in vitro. Tumors with hyperactive CTSS showed increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine perturbation in a mouse model and in human FLs. In mice, this CTSS-induced immune microenvironment promoted tumor growth. Clinically, patients with CTSS-hyperactive FL had better treatment outcomes with standard immunochemotherapies, indicating that these immunosuppressive regimens target both the lymphoma cells and the tumor-promoting immune microenvironment. Digital multiplexed gene expression profiling of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of the GLSG2000 cohort was performed as previously described (Hellmuth et al., Blood 2018)

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE147125 | GEO | 2020/03/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Profiling of the immune microenvironment in FL

Project description:Tumor cells orchestrate their microenvironment. Here, we provide biochemical, structural, functional and clinical evidence that Cathepsin S (CTSS) alterations induce a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment in follicular lymphoma (FL). We found CTSS mutations at Y132 in 6% of FL (19/305). Another 13% (37/286) had CTSS amplification, which was associated with higher CTSS expression. CTSS Y132 mutations lead to accelerated autocatalytic conversion from pro-CTSS to active CTSS and increase substrate cleavage, including CD74 which regulates MHC-II-restricted antigen presentation. Lymphoma cells with hyperactive CTSS more efficiently activated antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells in vitro. Tumors with hyperactive CTSS showed increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine perturbation in a mouse model and in human FLs. In mice, this CTSS-induced immune microenvironment promoted tumor growth. Clinically, patients with CTSS-hyperactive FL had better treatment outcomes with standard immunochemotherapies, indicating that these immunosuppressive regimens target both the lymphoma cells and the tumor-promoting immune microenvironment. Digital multiplexed gene expression profiling of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of the validation cohort was performed as previously described (Hellmuth et al., Blood 2018)

2020-03-17 | GSE147033 | GEO

Abberant Cathepsin S Activity Modulates the Immune Microenvironment in Follicular Lymphoma

Project description:Tumor cells can induce their own advantageous microenvironment. Here, we describe aberrant cathepsin S (CTSS) activity to modulate T-cell activation in follicular lymphoma (FL). In donor-derived FLs following bone marrow transplantation, we identified independent acquisition of CTSS mutations at Y132 in the donor´s and recipient's tumors. In a larger cohort, 6% of FL (20/312) harbored CTSS mutations, mostly Y132D, another 14% had CTSS amplification (40/280). Y132D leads to accelerated conversion from pro-CTSS to active CTSS and increased substrate cleavage, including CD74, which regulates MHC-II restricted antigen-presentation. In co-culture experiments, CTSS mutant lymphoma cells induced increased antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell activation. Moreover, antigen-processing was the top upregulated pathway in CTSS mutant primary FL biopsies. Thus, aberrant CTSS activity is a promising target in lymphoma.

2021-01-07 | PXD014612 | Pride

Follicular lymphoma microenvironment characteristics associated with tumor cell mutations and MHC class II expression

Project description:Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a B-cell lymphoma with a complex tumor microenvironment that is rich in non-malignant immune cells. We applied single-cell RNA-sequencing to characterize the immune microenvironment of FL. This provides a classification framework of the FL microenvironment, their association with FL genotypes and antigen presentation, and informs different potential immunotherapeutic strategies.

2022-05-28 | GSE203610 | GEO

Microenvironment subtypes and association with tumor cell mutations and antigen expression in follicular lymphoma

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Profiling of the immune microenvironment in FL [PanCancer Immune Profiling]

Project description:Profiling of the immune microenvironment in FL [PanCancer Immune Profiling]

| PRJNA613070 | ENA

Patient-derived lymphoma spheroids integrating immune tumor microenvironment as preclinical follicular lymphoma models for personalized medicine

Project description:Background Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, is a heterogeneous disease and a paradigm of the contribution of immune tumor microenvironment to disease onset, progression, and therapy resistance. Patient-derived models are scarce and fail to reproduce immune phenotypes and therapeutic responses. Methods To capture disease heterogeneity and microenvironment cues, we developed a patient-derived lymphoma spheroid (FL-PDLS) model culturing FL cells from lymph nodes (LN) with an optimized cytokine cocktail that mimics LN stimuli and maintains tumor cell viability. Results FL-PDLS, mainly composed of tumor B cells (60% on average) and autologous T cells (13% CD4 and 3% CD8 on average, respectively), rapidly organizes into patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) structures of three different morphotypes according to 3D imaging analysis. RNAseq analysis indicates that FL-PDLS reproduces FL hallmarks with the overexpression of cell cycle, BCR, or mTOR signaling related gene sets. FL-PDLS also recapitulates the exhausted immune phenotype typical of FL-LN, including expression of BTLA, TIGIT, PD-1, TIM-3, CD39 and CD73 on CD3+ T cells. These features render FL-PDLS an amenable system for immunotherapy testing. With this aim, we demonstrate that the combination of obinutuzumab (anti-CD20) and nivolumab (anti-PD1) reduces tumor load in a significant proportion of FL-PDLS. Interestingly, B cell depletion inversely correlates with the percentage of CD8+ cells positive for PD-1 and TIM-3. Conclusions In summary, FL-PDLS is a robust patient-derived 3D system that can be used as a tool to mimic FL pathology and to test novel immunotherapeutic approaches in a context of personalized medicine.

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Abnormal expression of glucose transporter-1 are a driver of early relapse in follicular lymphoma

Project description:FL patients with high GLUT1 levels are at increased risk for early relapse and show only limited responses to PI3K inhibitors. The development of new therapies requires an understanding of the changes in their tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Using novel IMC and proteomics techniques, we comprehensively identified distinguishing features in the TIME as a function of GLUT1 levels. Bioinformatics analyses identified a crosstalk between GLUT1 and TIME in tumor development and suggest that FL patients expressing high GLUT1 may benefit from metabolic-modulating therapies to prevent early relapse.

2023-03-11 | PXD031257 | Pride

scRNA-Seq Reveals Lymphoma B Cell Diversity and T Cell Immune Checkpoint Co-Expression

Project description:<p>Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a generally incurable B-cell malignancy which has the potential to transform into highly aggressive lymphomas. Genomic studies indicate it is often a small subpopulation rather than the dominant population in the FL that gives rise to the more aggressive subtype. To resolve the underlying transcriptional networks of follicular B-cell lymphomas at single molecule and cell resolution, we leveraged droplet-based barcoding technology for highly parallel single cell RNA-Seq. We analyzed the transcriptomes from tens of thousands of cells derived from five primary FL tumors. Simultaneously, we conducted multi-dimensional flow cell sorting to validate our characterizing of cellular lineages and critical expressed proteins. For each tumor, we identified multiple cellular subpopulations, matching known hematopoietic lineages. Comparison of gene expression by matched malignant and normal B cells from the same patient revealed tumor-specific features. Malignant B cells exhibited restricted immunoglobulin light chain expression (either Ig Kappa or Ig Lambda), as well the expected upregulation of the BCL2 gene, but also down-regulation of the FCER2, CD52 and MHC class II genes. By leveraging the single-cell resolution on large numbers of cells per patient, we were able to examine tumor-resident T cells. We identified pairs of immune checkpoint molecules that were co-expressed, providing a potentially useful strategy for selection of patient-tailored combination immunotherapies. In summary, massively parallel measurement of single-cell expression in thousands of tumor cells and tumor-resident lymphocytes can be used to obtain a systems-level view of the tumor microenvironment and identify new avenues for therapeutic development.</p>

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Project description:Lymphoma growth is facilitated by the well-balanced infrastructure of the microenvironment in lymph nodes (LN). LNs undergo rapid expansion during lymphoma progression, often accompanied by excessive blood vessel growth. Here we report that aggressive lymphoma cause severe high endothelial venule (HEV) regression which impairs lymphocyte recirculation. In this study, we used transferred (i.v.) Eµ-Myc tumor cells as a mouse model of aggressive lymphoma. Blood endothelial cells from tumor bearing and control LNs were isolated by FACS and processed for single-cell RNA sequencing. The results revealed a detrimental mechanisms causing HEV-dedifferentiation during lymphoma growth with potential implications on tumor-targeting immune surveillance and strategies of immune therapy in LNs

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