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Project description:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and relapsing inflammatory disease, and patients with IBD exhibit a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Epithelial barrier disruption is one of the major causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which epigenetic modulations are pivotal elements. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the epithelial barrier integrity regulation remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated how SETD2, a histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase, maintains intestinal epithelial homeostasis under inflammatory conditions. GEO public database and IBD tissues were used to investigate the clinical relevance of SetD2 in IBD. To define the role of SetD2 in the colitis, we generated mice with epithelial-specific deletion of Setd2 (Setd2Vil-KO mice). Acute colitis was induced by 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and colitis-associated CRC was induced by injecting azoxymethane (AOM), followed by three cycles of 2% DSS treatments. Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry and immunoblots. Organoids were generated from Setd2Vil-KO and control mice, and were stained with 7-AAD to detect apoptosis. We isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), performed RNA-seq and H3K36me3 ChIP-seq analysis to uncover the mechanism. Results were validated in functional rescue experiments by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment and transgenes expression in IECs. SETD2 expression was decreased in IBD patients and DSS-treated colitis mice. Setd2Vil-KO mice had abnormal loss of mucosa-producing goblet cells and antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-producing Paneth cells, and promoted early intestinal inflammation development. Consistent with the reduced SETD2 expression in IBD patients, Setd2Vil-KO mice exhibited increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, accompanied by more severe epithelial barrier disruption. Intestinal permeability was markedly increased in Setd2Vil-KO mice. Setd2 ablation drived inflammation-associated CRC. Deletion of Setd2 resulted in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to cellular apoptosis and the defects in barrier integrity. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment in Setd2Vil-KO mice rescued epithelial barrier injury and apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of antioxidase PRDX6 in Setd2Vil-KO IECs largely alleviated the overproductions of ROS and improved the cellular survival. Deficiency of Setd2 specifically in the intestine aggravates epithelial barrier disruption and inflammatory response in colitis via a mechanism dependent on oxidative stress. More importantly, we show that Setd2 depletion results in excess ROS by directly down-regulating PRDX6, an antioxidant protein that inhibit excess ROS. Thus, our results highlight an epigenetic mechanism by which Setd2 mediates oxidative stress to modulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
2020-09-25 | GSE151965 | GEO
Project description:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and relapsing inflammatory disease, and patients with IBD exhibit a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Epithelial barrier disruption is one of the major causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which epigenetic modulations are pivotal elements. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the epithelial barrier integrity regulation remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated how SETD2, a histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase, maintains intestinal epithelial homeostasis under inflammatory conditions. GEO public database and IBD tissues were used to investigate the clinical relevance of SetD2 in IBD. To define the role of SetD2 in the colitis, we generated mice with epithelial-specific deletion of Setd2 (Setd2Vil-KO mice). Acute colitis was induced by 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and colitis-associated CRC was induced by injecting azoxymethane (AOM), followed by three cycles of 2% DSS treatments. Colon tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry and immunoblots. Organoids were generated from Setd2Vil-KO and control mice, and were stained with 7-AAD to detect apoptosis. We isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), performed RNA-seq and H3K36me3 ChIP-seq analysis to uncover the mechanism. Results were validated in functional rescue experiments by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment and transgenes expression in IECs. SETD2 expression was decreased in IBD patients and DSS-treated colitis mice. Setd2Vil-KO mice had abnormal loss of mucosa-producing goblet cells and antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-producing Paneth cells, and promoted early intestinal inflammation development. Consistent with the reduced SETD2 expression in IBD patients, Setd2Vil-KO mice exhibited increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, accompanied by more severe epithelial barrier disruption. Intestinal permeability was markedly increased in Setd2Vil-KO mice. Setd2 ablation drived inflammation-associated CRC. Deletion of Setd2 resulted in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to cellular apoptosis and the defects in barrier integrity. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment in Setd2Vil-KO mice rescued epithelial barrier injury and apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of antioxidase PRDX6 in Setd2Vil-KO IECs largely alleviated the overproductions of ROS and improved the cellular survival. Deficiency of Setd2 specifically in the intestine aggravates epithelial barrier disruption and inflammatory response in colitis via a mechanism dependent on oxidative stress. More importantly, we show that Setd2 depletion results in excess ROS by directly down-regulating PRDX6, an antioxidant protein that inhibit excess ROS. Thus, our results highlight an epigenetic mechanism by which Setd2 mediates oxidative stress to modulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
2020-09-25 | GSE151967 | GEO
Project description:Epigenetic regulation disorder is important in the onset and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SETD2, a trimethyltransferase of histone H3K36, is frequently mutated in IBD samples with a high risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, functions of SETD2 in IBD and colitis-associated CRC remain largely undefined. Here, we found that SETD2 modulates oxidative stress to attenuate colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis in mice. SETD2 expression became decreased in IBD patients and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitic mice. Setd2Vil-KO mice showed increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, accompanied by more severe epithelial barrier disruption and markedly increased intestinal permeability that subsequently facilitated inflammation-associated CRC. Mechanistically, we found that Setd2 depletion resulted in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) by directly down-regulating antioxidant genes, which led to defects in barrier integrity and subsequently inflammatory damage. Moreover, overexpression of antioxidant PRDX6 in Setd2Vil-KO intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) largely alleviated the overproductions of ROS and improved the cellular survival. Together, our findings highlight an epigenetic mechanism by which SETD2 modulates oxidative stress to regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis and attenuate colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis. SETD2 might therefore be a pivotal regulator that maintains the homeostasis of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
| S-EPMC8141928 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Histone Methyltransferase Setd2 Modulates Oxidative Stress to Attenuates Colonic Inflammation and Tumorigenesis
| PRJNA637900 | ENA
Project description:The histone H3K36 methyltransferase SETD2 is frequently mutated or deleted in a variety of human tumors. Nevertheless, the role of SETD2 loss in oncogenesis remains largely undefined. Here, we found that SETD2 counteracts Wnt signaling and its inactivation promotes intestinal tumorigenesis in mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC). SETD2 was not required for intestinal homeostasis under steady state; however, upon irradiation, genetic inactivation of Setd2 in mouse intestinal epithelium facilitated the self-renewal of intestinal stem/progenitor cells as well as tissue regeneration. Furthermore, depletion of SETD2 enhanced the susceptibility to tumorigenesis in the context of dysregulated Wnt signaling. Mechanistic characterizations indicated that SETD2 downregulation affects the alternative splicing of a subset of genes implicated in tumorigenesis. Importantly, we uncovered that SETD2 ablation reduces intron retention of dishevelled segment polarity protein 2 (DVL2) pre-mRNA, which would otherwise be degraded by nonsense-mediated decay, thereby augmenting Wnt signaling. The signaling cascades mediated by SETD2 were further substantiated by a CRC patient cohort analysis. Together, our studies highlight SETD2 as an integral regulator of Wnt signaling through epigenetic regulation of RNA processing during tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis.
| S-EPMC5669571 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Histone Methyltransferase Setd2 Modulates Oxidative Stress to Attenuates Colonic Inflammation and Tumorigenesis [ChIP-Seq]
| PRJNA637901 | ENA
Project description:The Histone Methyltransferase Setd2 Modulates Oxidative Stress to Attenuates Colonic Inflammation and Tumorigenesis [RNA-Seq]
| PRJNA637903 | ENA
Project description:Autophagy is a central component of integrated stress responses that influences many inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). While the core machinery is known, the molecular basis of the epigenetic regulation of autophagy and its role in colon inflammation remain largely undefined. Here, we report that BRG1, an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is required for the homeostatic maintenance of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to prevent the inflammation and tumorigenesis. BRG1 emerges as a key regulator that directly governs the transcription of Atg16l1, Ambra1, Atg7 and Wipi2, which are important for autophagosome biogenesis. Defective autophagy in BRG1-deficient IECs results in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to the defects in barrier integrity. Together, our results establish that BRG1 may represent an autophagy checkpoint that is pathogenetically linked to colitis and is therefore likely a potential therapeutic target for disease intervention.
| S-EPMC6787222 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report that BRG1, an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, was required for the homeostatic maintenance of colonic epithelial cells (IECs) to prevent the inflammation and tumorigenesis. Consistent with the reduced BRG1 expression in IBD patients, adult mice with IEC ablation of BRG1 developed spontaneous colitis and exhibited increased susceptibility to mutagen-induced tumor growth. Conversely, BRG1 overexpression protected the mice from DSS-induced epithelial damage and subsequent oncogenesis. Mechanistically, BRG1 emerged as a key regulator that directly governs the transcription of Atg16l1, Ambra1, Atg7 and Wipi2, which are important for autophagosome biogenesis. Thus, defective autophagy in BRG1-deficient IECs resulted in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to the defects in cellular apoptosis and barrier integrity.
2019-09-09 | GSE135041 | GEO
Project description:Cell size varies between cell types but is tightly regulated by cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Cell size control is important for cell function, and changes in cell size are frequently observed in cancer. Here, we uncover a role for SETD2 in regulating cell size. SETD2 is a lysine methyltransferase and a tumor suppressor protein involved in transcription, RNA processing and DNA repair. At the molecular level, SETD2 is best known for associating with RNA polymerase II through its Set2-Rbp1 interacting (SRI) domain and methylating histone H3 on lysine 36 (H3K36) during transcription. Using multiple independent perturbation strategies, we identify SETD2 as a negative regulator of global protein synthesis rates and cell size. We provide evidence that overexpression of the H3K36 demethylase KDM4A or the oncohistone H3.3K36M also increase cell size. In addition, ectopic overexpression of a decoy SRI domain increased cell size, suggesting that the relevant substrate is engaged by SETD2 via its SRI domain. These data add a central role of SETD2 in regulating cellular physiology and warrant further studies on separating the different functions of SETD2 in cancer development.
| S-EPMC9659392 | biostudies-literature