Transcriptomic analysis of monocytes, M0, M1 and M2 macropahges from H syndrome patients and SAIDs.
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ABSTRACT: Biallelic mutations in SLC29A3 cause histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome, also known as H syndrome (HS). HS is a complex disorder, with ~25% of patients developing autoinflammatory complications consisting of unexplained fevers, persistently elevated inflammatory markers and unusual lymphadenopathies, with infiltrating CD68+, S100+ and CD1a– histiocytes, resembling the immunophenotype found in Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). We investigated the transcriptomic profiles of monocytes, non-activated (M0), classically-activated (M1) and alternatively-activated macrophages (M2) in two patients with HS, one without autoinflammatory (HS1) and one with autoinflammatory complications (HS2). RNA sequencing revealed a dysregulated transcriptomic profile in both HS patients compared to healthy controls (HC). HS2, when compared to HS1, had several differentially expressed genes, including genes associated with lymphocytic-histiocytic predominance (e.g. NINL) and immunodeficiencies (e.g. B2M). The transcriptomic and cytokine profiles of HS patients were comparable to patients with SAID with high levels of TNF. SERPINA1 gene expression was found to be upregulated in all patients. Moreover, higher levels of IFNg were found in the serum of both HS patients when compared to HC. Gene-ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs in HS patients revealed the terms "type I IFN", "IFNg signalling pathway" and "immune responses" as the top 3 most significant terms for monocytes. Finally, the transcriptomic profiles of M0 and M1 macrophages, from patient HS2, were similar to the transcriptomic profile of tissue biopsies taken from patients with RDD-like lymphadenopathies. Monocytes and macrophages from both HS patients showed transcriptomic profiles similar to SAIDs and with a unique dysregulated IFNgsignalling. These findings may help to find better therapeutic options for this rare disorder.
Project description:Though long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a substantial fraction of the Pol II transcripts in multicellular animals, only a few have known functions. Here we report that the blocking activity of the Bithorax complex (BX-C) Fub-1 boundary is segmentally regulated by its own lncRNA. The Fub-1 boundary is located between the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene and the bxd/pbx regulatory domain, which is responsible for regulating Ubx expression in parasegment PS6/segment A1. Fub-1 consists of two hypersensitive sites, HS1 and HS2. HS1 is an insulator while HS2 functions primarily as a lncRNA promoter. To activate Ubx expression in PS6/A1 enhancers in the bxd/pbx domain must be able to bypass Fub-1 blocking activity. We show that expression of the Fub-1 lncRNAs in PS6/A1 from the HS2 promoter inactivates Fub-1 insulating activity. Inactivation is due to readthrough as the HS2 promoter must be directed towards HS1 to disrupt blocking.
Project description:Three types of stimuli -- heat shock, Lipofectamine 2000 and benzyl alcohol -- induce activity of some stress genes (hsp) in mouse B16-F10 cells. Besides hsp genes induction, each stimulus causes gene expression changes of different sets of genes. We used microarrays to analyze global gene expression changes in mouse B16-F10 cells treated with elevated temperature (heat shock, HS), with Lipofectamine 2000 (LA) or with 40mM benzyl alcohol (BA). In order to study how lipofection may affect cellular homeostasis, we used Affymetrix microarrays to analyze the whole transcriptome of mouse B16-F10 cells treated with Lipofectamine 2000. To find out which genes are affected, we compared the cells treated with Lipofectamine (LA1, LA2, LA3), the cells treated with 40mM benzyl alcohol (BA1, BA2, BA3), heat-shocked cells (HS1, HS2, HS3) and control, untreated cells (C1-5). RNA was extracted from cells 30 min after treatment.
Project description:Background: Heatstroke was the most life-threatening disease caused by hyperthermia, but lack of rapidly diagnostic biomarkers. Immune system disturbance was a common feature of the ‘Dual pathway model’ characterized by endotoxemia and hyperthermia, but the specific profiles of the immune system were unclear. Objectives: Our study aimed to explore the specific immune profiles that distinguish heatstroke from aseptic inflammation and sepsis patients, and find diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate heatstroke from sepsis. Methods: Patients in four groups were recruited: heatstroke patients (HS group), sepsis patients (Sepsis group), patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB group) and healthy controls (HC group). The HS patients were matched 1:1 with patients in HC, CPB and Sepsis groups based on age and sex using propensity score analysis. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the incidence of nervous dysfunction (including stroke and delirium), acute heart failure, acute kidney failure or acute lung injury within 30 days. Blood was collected within 24 hours after admission from healthy participants, HS and sepsis patients, and at the end of CPB in the case of CPB patients. This blood was used to perform spectral flow cytometry, measure the plasma level of inflammatory mediators and heat shock protein-70, as well as process single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq) to assess the profiles of T cells, B cells, monocytes, and NK cells. Patients with HS and sepsis were followed up for 30 days after admission, while CPB patients were followed up for 30 days after surgery to record the incidence of primary and secondary outcomes. Results: The proportion of TLR4+ monocytes in HS higher than that in HC, CPB and Sepsis groups, and could differentiate heatstroke from sepsis. In HS, the upregulation of HLA genes (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRA, and HLA-DRB1), the activation of antigen presentation, as well as the inhibition of chemotaxis were found in monocytes highly expressed TLR4 based on sc-RNA seq analysis. In addition, the CCL1 and CXCL8 plasma levels were decreased in HS. Compared with HC and CPB, lymphopenia was found in HS and sepsis, which were attributed by the decreased of T cells counts and NK cells counts. T cells exhaustion was found in HS and sepsis, which was indicated by the upregulation of PD-1 in T cells and its PD-L1 in B cells, upregulation of CD69 and LAG3 but downregulation of TCF7 in T cells, and decreases of plasma levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ. In addition, the Treg/CD8+ T cells ratio was higher in HS patients who experienced death (0.58 vs. 0.35), nervous dysfunction (0.56 vs. 0.29), acute heart failure (0.67 vs. 0.35), and acute lung injury (0.58 vs. 0.34) within 30 days than those who did not. The NK cells cytotoxic activity was decreased in HS, which was indicated by downregulation of CD335, the inhibition of focal adhesion and cell adhesion, as well as the emergence of receptor-ligands pairs related to inhibit NK cells activation in HS, including HLA-A_ KIR3DL1, HLA-B_ KIR3DL2, HLA-C_ KIR2DL1 and HLA-E_ CD94:NKG2A expressed between various immune cells and NK cells. Conclusions: The immune system in HS was characterized by a significant increase in TLR4+ monocytes and immune suppression, the latter of which included lymphocytopenia, T cell exhaustion, and suppressed NK cell cytotoxic activity. TLR4+ monocytes may be regarded as a biomarker to distinguish heatstroke from sepsis, and the Treg/CD8+ T cell ratio may be associated with death and organ failure in heatstroke.
Project description:Through RNA sequencing of CD4+ Tmemory/effector cells derived from the synovium of JIA patients and healthy controls, we analyzed the JIA gene expression signature. Treatment of autoinflammatory site-derived patient T cells with the BET-inhibitor JQ1 inhibited immune-related super-enhancers and preferentially reduced disease-associated gene expression, including cytokine-related processes. RNA-sequencing of CD4+ memory/effector T cells derived from Healthy Controls (HC) and JIA patients upon JQ1 treatment.
Project description:End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, which is increasingly prevalent worldwide and is associated with the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite accumulating evidence that monocytes/macrophages play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CVDs in ESRD patients, the current knowledge of transcriptomic signatures of monocytes or macrophages in ESRD patients is very lacking. Therefore, we investigated the transcriptome profiling of monocyte separated from patients with ESRD and HC. To explore the changes of gene expression in ESRD patient-derived monocytes, compared to monocytes from healthy controls, microarray were performed.
Project description:A grape-bud-oriented genomic platform was produced for a large-scale comparative analysis of bud responses to two stimuli of grape-bud dormancy release, hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and heat shock (HS). The results suggested considerable similarity in bud response to the stimuli, both in the repertoire of responding genes and in the temporary nature of the transcriptome reprogramming. Nevertheless, the bud response to HC was slower, more condensed and stronger, as reflected by a higher number of regulated genes and a higher intensity of regulation compared to the response to HS. To facilitate large-scale comparative analysis of early changes in the bud transcriptome by cDNA microarray, HC and HS were applied to canes collected from three vineyards, located in different regions, in three different years. This experimental scheme resulted in two true biological replicates for each treatment, differing in both timing and location, and loop design of technical replicates within time series. Consistent with our previous studies, both application of 5% Dormex (HC) and incubation for 1 h in 50oC water (HS) resulted in increased bud-break rates compared to respective controls. Bud break of HS-treated and HC-treated buds started 10 to 12 days after treatment. Three weeks after treatment, HS-treated buds exhibited 100% bud break while HC-treated buds had reached 80% bud break. The control showed significantly lower levels of bud break during this period. Bud material was collected from control, HC- and HS-treated cuttings at six time points (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h) after the treatments and used to prepare total RNA samples.
Project description:In this work we employed classic skeletal muscle unloading rat model to determine how hindlimb suspension (HS) affects functional activity of skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPC). We have purified SMPC from m. soleus from control rats and after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of exposure (HS1, HS3, HS7, HS14).
Project description:CD14+CD16- monocytes from MS patients and healthy controls (HC) were activated in vitro to obtain homeostatic-like, pro-inflammatory and pro-regenerative macrophages. Macrophage activation profiles were assessed through RNA sequencing
Project description:Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by infiltration of the exocrine glands and prominent B cell hyperactivity. Considering the key role of monocytes in promoting B cell hyperactivity, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of CD14+ monocytes from patients with pSS, non-Sjögren’s sicca (nSS), and healthy controls (HC). We demonstrated that the transcriptomic profile of pSS patients is enriched in intermediate and non-classical monocyte profiles, and confirmed the increased frequency of non-classical monocytes in pSS patients by flow-cytometry analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified four molecular signatures in monocytes from pSS patients, functionally annotated for processes related with translation, IFN-signaling, and toll like receptor signaling. Systemic and local inflammatory features significantly correlated with the expression of these signatures. Furthermore, genes highly associated with clinical features in pSS were identified as hub-genes for each signature. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of the hub-genes identified four clusters of nSS and pSS patients, each with distinct inflammatory and transcriptomic profiles. One cluster showed a significantly higher percentage of pSS patients with higher prevalence of anti-SSA autoantibodies, interferon score, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate compared to the other clusters. Finally, we showed that the identified transcriptomic differences in pSS monocytes were induced in monocytes of healthy controls by exposure to serum of pSS patients. Representative hub-genes of all four signatures were partially inhibited by interferon-a/b receptor blockade, indicating that the circulating inflammatory mediators, including type I interferons have a significant contribution to the altered transcriptional profile of pSS-monocytes. Our study suggests that targeting key circulating inflammatory mediators, such as type I interferons, could offer new insights into the important pathways and mechanisms driving pSS, and holds promise for halting immunopathology in Sjögren’s Syndrome.