High throughput screening identifies microRNAs regulating PCSK9 and LDL receptor expression
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE166680 | GEO | 2021/07/07
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:High throughput screening identifies microRNAs regulating PCSK9 and LDL receptor expression
| PRJNA701607 | ENA
Project description:Investigations into the regulatory mechanisms controlling cholesterol homeostasis have proven fruitful in identifying low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapies to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A major advance was the discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a secreted protein that binds the LDL receptor (LDLR) on the cell surface and internalizes it for degradation, thereby blunting its ability to take up circulating LDL. The discovery that loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 lead to lower plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and protection from cardiovascular disease led to the therapeutic development of PCSK9 inhibitors at an unprecedented pace. However, there remain many gaps in our understanding of PCSK9 regulation and biology, including its posttranscriptional control by microRNAs. Using a high-throughput region(3'-UTR) of human microRNA library screen, we identified microRNAs targeting the 3' untranslated region of human PCSK9. The top 35 hits were confirmed by large-format PCSK9 3'-UTR luciferase assays, and 10 microRNAs were then selected for further validation in hepatic cells, including effects on PCSK9 secretion and LDLR cell surface expression. These studies identified seven novel microRNAs that reduce PCSK9 expression, including miR-221-5p, miR-342-5p, miR-363-5p, miR-609, miR-765, and miR-3165. Interestingly, several of these microRNAs were also found to target other genes involved in LDLR regulation and potently upregulate LDLR cell surface expression in hepatic cells. Together, these data enhance our understanding of post-transcriptional regulators of PCSK9 and their potential for therapeutic manipulation of hepatic LDLR expression.
| S-EPMC8310920 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of the study was to characterize the role of PCSK9 in human beta cells. We performed siRNA-mediated knockdown of PCSK9 in human beta cell line EndoC-bH1 and compared the expression profiles against control siRNA-treated cells.
2022-03-31 | GSE182016 | GEO
Project description:The majority of known pathogenic point mutations in the human genome are C•G to T•A substitutions. Adenine base editors (ABEs), comprised of nuclease-impaired Cas9 fused to adenine deaminases, enable direct repair of these mutations, making them promising tools for precision in vivo genome editing therapies. However, prior to application in patients, thorough safety and efficacy studies in relevant model organisms are needed. Here, we apply adenine base editing in vivo in the liver of mice and cynomolgus macaques to install a splice site mutation in PCSK9 and reduce blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Intravenous delivery of ABE-encoding mRNA and a locus-specific single guide (sg)RNA utilizing lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology induce up to 67% editing in the liver of mice and up to 34% editing in the liver of macaques, leading to a reduction of plasma PCSK9 and LDL levels. We observed rapid clearance of ABE mRNA after LNP-mediated delivery, and neither sgRNA-dependent nor sgRNA-independent off-target mutations are detected in genomic DNA. Together, our findings support safety and feasibility of adenine base editing to treat patients with monogenetic liver diseases.
2021-04-13 | GSE168364 | GEO
Project description:The majority of known pathogenic point mutations in the human genome are C•G to T•A substitutions. Adenine base editors (ABEs), comprised of nuclease-impaired Cas9 fused to adenine deaminases, enable direct repair of these mutations, making them promising tools for precision in vivo genome editing therapies. However, prior to application in patients, thorough safety and efficacy studies in relevant model organisms are needed. Here, we apply adenine base editing in vivo in the liver of mice and cynomolgus macaques to install a splice site mutation in PCSK9 and reduce blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Intravenous delivery of ABE-encoding mRNA and a locus-specific single guide (sg)RNA utilizing lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology induce up to 67% editing in the liver of mice and up to 34% editing in the liver of macaques, leading to a reduction of plasma PCSK9 and LDL levels. We observed rapid clearance of ABE mRNA after LNP-mediated delivery, and neither sgRNA-dependent nor sgRNA-independent off-target mutations are detected in genomic DNA. Together, our findings support safety and feasibility of adenine base editing to treat patients with monogenetic liver diseases.
2021-04-13 | GSE168363 | GEO
Project description:We have transfected Hep2G cells with the gain-of-function mutant D374Y-PCSK9.
2008-01-30 | E-MEXP-1235 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death among elderly people. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an important regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Herein, we investigated the role of PCSK9 in age-related CVD. Both in humans and rats, sPCSK9 correlated positively with increasing age and the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Network analysis identified PCSK9 as an important factor in age-associated lipid alterations and it correlated positively with intima media thickness, a clinical parameter of CVD risk. PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab effectively reduced the CVD progression in aging rats suggesting that PCSK9 plays an important role in cardiovascular aging.
2023-08-09 | GSE225859 | GEO
Project description:The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) controls cellular delivery of cholesterol and clears LDL from the bloodstream, protecting against atherosclerotic heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. We therefore sought to identify regulators of the LDLR beyond the targets of current clinical therapies and known causes of familial hypercholesterolemia. We show that Cold Shock Domain-Containing Protein E1 (CSDE1) enhances hepatic LDLR mRNA decay via its 3’ untranslated region and regulates atherogenic lipoproteins in vivo. Using parallel phenotypic genome-wide CRISPR interference screens in a tissue culture model, we found 40 specific regulators of the LDLR left unidentified by observational human genetics. Among these, we show that, in HepG2 cells, CSDE1 regulates the LDLR at least as strongly as the targets exploited by the best available clinical therapies: statins and PCSK9 inhibitors. Additionally, we show that hepatic gene silencing of Csde1 treats diet-induced dyslipidemia in mice similar to that of Pcsk9 silencing. Our results suggest the therapeutic potential of manipulating a newly identified factor in the post-transcriptional regulation of the LDLR mRNA for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We anticipate that our approach of modeling a clinically relevant phenotype in a forward genetic screen, followed by mechanistic pharmacologic dissection and in vivo validation, will serve as a generalizable template for the identification of therapeutic targets in other human disease states.
2022-06-24 | GSE206846 | GEO
Project description:To explore a novel mechanism of macrophage activation and vein graft disease induced by circulating PCSK9 in an LDLR-independent fashion
2023-03-30 | GSE209669 | GEO
Project description:Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of LDL cholesterol metabolism and the target of lipid-lowering drugs. PCSK9 is mainly expressed in hepatocyte. Here, we show that PCSK9 is highly expressed in undifferentiated hiPSCs. PCSK9 inhibition in hiPSCs with the use of shRNA, CRISPR/cas9-mediated knockout or endogenous PCSK9 loss-of-function mutation R104C/V114A unveiled its new role as a potential cell cycle regulator through the NODAL signaling pathway. Indeed, PCSK9 inhibition leads to a decrease of SMAD2 phosphorylation and hiPSCs proliferation. Conversely, PCSK9 overexpression stimulates hiPSCs proliferation. PCSK9 can interfere with the NODAL pathway by regulating the expression of its endogenous inhibitor DACT2, which is involved in the TGFß-R1 lysosomal degradation. Using different PCSK9 constructs we show that PCSK9 interacts with DACT2 through its CHRD domain. Altogether these data highlight a new role of PCSK9 in cellular proliferation and development, beyond its canonical effect on lipid metabolism.
2021-08-05 | GSE181481 | GEO