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Sex-specific transcriptomic response of Anopheles gambiae to O'nyong Nyong virus infection

ABSTRACT: O’nyong’nyong virus (ONNV) is an arbovirus of the genus Alphavirus which is transmitted to humans primarily by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Here, An. stephensi males and females have been infected with ONNV to investigate their differential transcriptional response to infection. Males and female An. gambiae were injected with either a suspension of ONNV or sterile medium as a control and underwent pooled RNA extraction at 2- and 7-days post infection (DPI). Differential expression will be performed on pooled RNA samples to determine which genes are differentially regulated between males and females in response to infection, and which genes are activated or repressed in each sex as infection progresses. Further, genes identified as being regulated by infection or that differ in expression between males and females will be used to perform gene ontology (GO) analysis to determine what pre-identified gene sets are regulated under the scenarios being examined.

ORGANISM(S): Anopheles gambiae

PROVIDER: GSE175395 | GEO | 2024/12/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Globally invasive Aedes aegypti mosquitoes disseminate numerous arboviruses that impact human health. One promising method to control Ae. aegypti populations is transinfection with the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis, a symbiont that naturally infects ~40-52% of insects but is normally absent from Ae. aegypti. Transinfection of Ae. aegypti with the wMel Wolbachia strain induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), allowing infected individuals to rapidly invade native populations. Further, wMel Wolbachia-infected females display refractoriness to medically relevant arboviruses. Thus, wMel Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti are being released in several areas to replace native populations, thereby suppressing disease transmission by this species. Wolbachia is reported to have minimal effects on Ae. aegypti fertility, but its influence on other reproductive processes is unknown. Female insects undergo several post-mating physiological and behavioral changes required for optimal fertility. Post-mating responses (PMRs) in female insects are typically elicited by receipt of male seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) transferred with sperm during mating, but can be modified by other factors, such as adult age, nutritional status, and microbiome composition. To assess how Wolbachia infection influences Ae. aegypti female PMRs, we collected wMel Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti from the field in Medellín, Colombia and introduced the bacterium into our laboratory strain. We found that Wolbachia influences female fecundity, fertility, and re-mating incidence. Further, we observed that Wolbachia significantly extends longevity of virgin females. Changes in female PMRs are not due to defects in sperm transfer by infected males, or sperm storage by infected females. Using proteomic methods to examine the seminal proteome of infected males, we found that Wolbachia infection has a moderate effect on SFP composition. However, we identified 125 Wolbachia proteins that are paternally transferred to females by infected males. Surprisingly, the CI factor proteins (Cifs), were not detected in the ejaculates of Wolbachia-infected males. Our findings indicate that Wolbachia infection of Ae. aegypti alters female post-mating responses, potentially influencing control programs that utilize Wolbachia-infected individuals.

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Sex-specific transcriptomic response of Anopheles gambiae to O'nyong Nyong virus infection

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